{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T22:14:31Z","timestamp":1791929671443,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Campylobacteriosis is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea and foodborne illness worldwide. Campylobacter infection is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated food, especially uncooked meat, or untreated water; contact with infected animals or contaminated environments; poultry is the primary reservoir and source of human transmission. The clinical spectrum of Campylobacter jejuni\/coli infection can be classified into two distinct categories: gastrointestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Late complications are reactive arthritis, Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome. In the pediatric population, the 0\u20134 age group has the highest incidence of campylobacteriosis. Regarding the use of specific antimicrobial therapy, international guidelines agree in recommending it for severe intestinal infections. Host factors, including malnutrition, immunodeficiency, and malignancy, can also influence the decision to treat. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter as a \u2018significant public health threat\u2019 due to increasing resistance to FQs or macrolides. Although numerous vaccines have been proposed in recent years to reduce the intestinal colonization of poultry, none have shown sufficient efficacy to provide a definitive solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12122669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T09:13:38Z","timestamp":1734945218000},"page":"2669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Campylobacter jejuni\/coli Infection: Is It Still a Concern?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0794-9716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Veronese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6772-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Icilio","family":"Dodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Barilla Children\u2019s Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, J., Leite, D., Fernandes, M., Mena, C., Gibbs, P.A., and Teixeira, P. (2011). Campylobacter spp. as a Foodborne Pathogen: A Review. Front. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2011.00200"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corcionivoschi, N., and Gundogdu, O. (2021). Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9061241"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latov, N. (2022). Campylobacter Jejuni Infection, Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies, and Neuropathy. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112139"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taha-Abdelaziz, K., Singh, M., Sharif, S., Sharma, S., Kulkarni, R.R., Alizadeh, M., Yitbarek, A., and Helmy, Y.A. (2023). Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010113"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45971-0","article-title":"Real-Time Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Profiling Using Taqman Technology for Rapid Recognition of Campylobacter Jejuni Clonal Complexes","volume":"54","author":"Best","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.191","article-title":"The Clinical Importance of Emerging Campylobacter Species","volume":"8","author":"Man","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, D., and Iraola, G. (2019). Pathogenomics of Emerging Campylobacter Species. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 32.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00072-18"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004332","article-title":"List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) Moves to the DSMZ","volume":"70","author":"Parte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02814","article-title":"Human Campylobacteriosis: A Public Health Concern of Global Importance","volume":"5","author":"Igwaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6038","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01039-09","article-title":"Novel Clonal Complexes with an Unknown Animal Reservoir Dominate Campylobacter Jejuni Isolates from River Water in New Zealand","volume":"75","author":"Carter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.14-23.2001","article-title":"Multilocus Sequence Typing System for Campylobacter Jejuni","volume":"39","author":"Dingle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-022-00517-w","article-title":"Genomic Insights into Zoonotic Transmission and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni from Farm to Fork: A One Health Perspective","volume":"14","author":"Dessouky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803008355","article-title":"A Case\u2013Control Study of Risk Factors for Sporadic Campylobacter Infections in Denmark","volume":"130","author":"Neimann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6968.12488","article-title":"Role of Environmental Survival in Transmission of Campylobacter Jejuni","volume":"356","author":"Bronowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2008.07.002","article-title":"Risk Factors for Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli in Young Cattle on English and Welsh Farms","volume":"88","author":"Pritchard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"316","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Subsp. Doylei Subsp. nov., a Subspecies of Nitrate-Negative Campylobacters Isolated from Human Clinical Specimens","volume":"38","author":"Steele","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001319","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001319","article-title":"Genomic Diversity of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Isolates Recovered from Human and Poultry in Australia and New Zealand, 2017 to 2019","volume":"10","author":"Cribb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ocejo, M., Oporto, B., and Hurtado, A. (2019). Occurrence of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli in Cattle and Sheep in Northern Spain and Changes in Antimicrobial Resistance in Two Studies 10-Years Apart. Pathogens, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens8030098"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000356","article-title":"Increased Risk for Campylobacter Jejuni and C. Coli Infection of Pet Origin in Dog Owners and Evidence for Genetic Association between Strains Causing Infection in Humans and Their Pets","volume":"141","author":"Smid","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01016","article-title":"No Clear Differences between Organic or Conventional Pig Farms in the Genetic Diversity or Virulence of Campylobacter Coli Isolates","volume":"8","author":"Denis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrovska, L., Tang, Y., van Rensburg, M.J., Cawthraw, S., Nunez, J., Sheppard, S.K., Ellis, R.J., Whatmore, A.M., Crawshaw, T.R., and Irvine, R.M. (2017). Genome Reduction for Niche Association in Campylobacter Hepaticus, A Cause of Spotty Liver Disease in Poultry. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00480"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"e01244-19","article-title":"Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Strains of Campylobacter Helveticus Isolated from Cats and a Dog in New Zealand","volume":"9","author":"Midwinter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.440","article-title":"Campylobacter Upsaliensis: Waiting in the Wings","volume":"11","author":"Bourke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.007286-0","article-title":"Campylobacter Cuniculorum sp. nov., from Rabbits","volume":"59","author":"Zanoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.007419-0","article-title":"Campylobacter Avium sp. nov., a Hippurate-Positive Species Isolated from Poultry","volume":"59","author":"Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01840-09","article-title":"Campylobacter Troglodytis sp. nov., Isolated from Feces of Human-Habituated Wild Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthii) in Tanzania","volume":"77","author":"Kaur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02935-13","article-title":"Detection of Campylobacter in Stool and Determination of Significance by Culture, Enzyme Immunoassay, and PCR in Developing Countries","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000851-0","article-title":"Novel Campylobacter Lari-like Bacteria from Humans and Molluscs: Description of Campylobacter Peloridis sp. nov., Campylobacter Lari Subsp. Concheus Subsp. nov. and Campylobacter Lari Subsp. Lari Subsp. nov","volume":"59","author":"Debruyne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyotani, M., Kenzaka, T., Akita, H., and Arakawa, S. (2021). Campylobacter Insulaenigrae Bacteremia with Meningitis: A Case Report. BMC Infect. Dis., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06353-8"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822011000100033","article-title":"Campylobacter Insulaenigrae: First Isolation Report from South American Sea Lion (Otaria Flavescens, (Shaw, 1800)","volume":"42","author":"Debruyne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00442-15","article-title":"First Case Report of Campylobacter Volucris Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Patient","volume":"53","author":"Kweon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.013748-0","article-title":"Campylobacter Volucris sp. nov., Isolated from Black-Headed Gulls (Larus Ridibundus)","volume":"60","author":"Debruyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.011056-0","article-title":"Campylobacter Subantarcticus sp. nov., Isolated from Birds in the Sub-Antarctic Region","volume":"60","author":"Debruyne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001822","article-title":"Campylobacter Ornithocola sp. nov., a Novel Member of the Campylobacter Lari Group Isolated from Wild Bird Faecal Samples","volume":"67","author":"Iraola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/61428","article-title":"Campylobacter Concisus as the Etiologic Agent of Gastrointestinal Diseases","volume":"26","author":"Akutko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.20.4.747-750.1984","article-title":"Comparison of Strains of Gram-Negative, Anaerobic, Agar-Corroding Rods Isolated from Soft Tissue Infections in Cats and Dogs with Type Strains of Bacteroides Gracilis, Wolinella Recta, Wolinella Succinogenes, and Campylobacter Concisus","volume":"20","author":"Love","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2019.1622455","article-title":"Comparative Genomics and Genome Biology of Campylobacter Showae","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaban, B., Ngeleka, M., and Hill, J.E. (2010). Detection and Quantification of 14 Campylobacter Species in Pet Dogs Reveals an Increase in Species Richness in Feces of Diarrheic Animals. BMC Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-10-73"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001894","article-title":"Campylobacter Pinnipediorum sp. nov., Isolated from Pinnipeds, Comprising Campylobacter Pinnipediorum Subsp. Pinnipediorum Subsp. nov. and Campylobacter Pinnipediorum Subsp. Caledonicus Subsp. Nov","volume":"67","author":"Gilbert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-15","article-title":"Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection","volume":"28","author":"Kaakoush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-4-14","article-title":"Molecular-Based Detection of the Gastrointestinal Pathogen Campylobacter Ureolyticus in Unpasteurized Milk Samples from Two Cattle Farms in Ireland","volume":"4","author":"Koziel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-51-2-651","article-title":"Campylobacter Hominis sp. nov., from the Human Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"51","author":"Lawson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3468","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001219","article-title":"Campylobacter Geochelonis sp. nov. Isolated from the Western Hermann\u2019s Tortoise (Testudo Hermanni Hermanni)","volume":"66","author":"Piccirillo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00248-14","article-title":"Draft Genome Sequence of Campylobacter Corcagiensis Strain CIT045T, a Representative of a Novel Campylobacter Species Isolated from Lion-Tailed Macaques (Macaca Silenus)","volume":"2","author":"Koziel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2591.2003.00636.x","article-title":"Campylobacter Gracilis and Campylobacter Rectus in Primary Endodontic Infections","volume":"36","author":"Siqueira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549509019006","article-title":"Campylobacter Upsaliensis, C. Sputorum Sputorum and C. Concisus as Common Causes of Diarrhoea in Swedish Children","volume":"27","author":"Lindblom","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, W.G., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., and Chapman, M.H. (2024). Campylobacter Sputorum Subsp. Bovis Subsp. nov., Isolated from Cattle, and an Emended Description of Campylobacter Sputorum. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 74.","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006571"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pena-Fern\u00e1ndez, N., van der Graaf-van Bloois, L., Duim, B., Zomer, A., Wagenaar, J.A., Ocejo, M., Lav\u00edn, J.L., Collantes-Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Hurtado, A., and Aduriz, G. (2024). Campylobacter Fetus Plasmid Diversity: Comparative Analysis of Fully Sequenced Plasmids and Proposed Classification Scheme. Genome Biol. Evol., 16.","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evae203"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa, D., L\u00e9vesque, S., Kumar, N., Fresia, P., Ferr\u00e9s, I., Lawley, T.D., and Iraola, G. (2021). Pangenome Analysis Reveals Genetic Isolation in Campylobacter Hyointestinalis Subspecies Adapted to Different Mammalian Hosts. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82993-9"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.000048","article-title":"Campylobacter Iguaniorum sp. nov., Isolated from Reptiles","volume":"65","author":"Gilbert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-50-2-865","article-title":"Campylobacter Lanienae sp. nov., a New Species Isolated from Workers in an Abattoir","volume":"50","author":"Logan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, W.G., Lopes, B.S., Ramjee, M., Jay-Russell, M.T., Chapman, M.H., Williams, T.G., Wood, D.F., Gruntar, I., Papi\u0107, B., and Forbes, K.J. (2024). Campylobacter Devanensis sp. nov., Campylobacter Porcelli sp. nov., and Campylobacter Vicugnae sp. nov., Three Novel Campylobacter Lanienae-like Species Recovered from Swine, Small Ruminants, and Camelids. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 74.","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.006405"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12107","article-title":"Isolation of a Ampylobacter Lanienae-like Bacterium from Laboratory Chinchillas (Hinchilla Laniger)","volume":"61","author":"Turowski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2023). The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report. EFSA J., 21, e8442.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8442"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NNDSS Annual Report Working Group (2021). Australia\u2019s Notifiable Disease Status, 2016: Annual Report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Commun. Dis. Intell. (2018), 45, 28.","DOI":"10.33321\/cdi.2021.45.28"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirk, M.D., Pires, S.M., Black, R.E., Caipo, M., Crump, J.A., Devleesschauwer, B., D\u00f6pfer, D., Fazil, A., Fischer-Walker, C.L., and Hald, T. (2015). World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 22 Foodborne Bacterial, Protozoal, and Viral Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis. PLoS Med., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001940"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X","article-title":"Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Methods to Identify Causes of Diarrhoea in Children: A Reanalysis of the GEMS Case-Control Study","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw542","article-title":"Epidemiology and Impact of Campylobacter Infection in Children in 8 Low-Resource Settings: Results From the MAL-ED Study","volume":"63","author":"Amour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002370","article-title":"Features of Illnesses Caused by Five Species of Campylobacter, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)\u20142010\u20132015","volume":"146","author":"Patrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02695","article-title":"Evaluation of Whole-Genome Sequencing as a Genotyping Tool for Campylobacter Jejuni in Comparison with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and FlaA Typing1 1Presented as Part of the Next-Generation Sequencing Tools: Applications for Poultry Production and Fo","volume":"92","author":"Pendleton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2017.1291205","article-title":"Towards Understanding Clinical Campylobacter Infection and Its Transmission: Time for a Different Approach?","volume":"74","author":"Casey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.10.047","article-title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter Species, Helicobacter Pylori and Arcobacter Species in Stool Samples from the Venda Region, Limpopo, South Africa: Studies Using Molecular Diagnostic Methods","volume":"54","author":"Samie","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"McFadyean, J., and Stockman, S. (1913). Report of the Deparmental Committee Appointed by the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries to Enquire into Epizootic Abortion. Abortion in Sheep, His Majesty\u2019s Stationery Office."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.30.4.299","article-title":"Some Morphological and Biological Characters of the Spirilla (Vibrio fetus, n. sp.) Associated with Disease of the Fetal Membranes in Cattle","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"1919","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.53.6.845","article-title":"Vibrionic Enteritis in Calves","volume":"53","author":"Jones","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602321131913","article-title":"Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in Seagulls (Larus spp.)","volume":"2","author":"Moore","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/101.2.119","article-title":"Human Infections with Vibrio Fetus and a Closely Related Vibrio","volume":"101","author":"King","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1230","article-title":"A Poorly Known Condition of Pregnancy; Placental Vibrio Fetal Infection","volume":"57","author":"Vinzent","year":"1949","journal-title":"Press. Med"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/125.4.390","article-title":"Acute Enteritis Due to Related Vibrio: First Positive Stool Cultures","volume":"125","author":"Dekeyser","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80131-3","article-title":"Related Vibrio in Stools","volume":"82","author":"Butzler","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.5.1.86","article-title":"Susceptibility of Related Vibrios and Vibrio Fetus to Twelve Antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Butzler","year":"1974","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S285","DOI":"10.1086\/381598","article-title":"Risk Factors for Sporadic Campylobacter Infection in the United States: A Case-Control Study in FoodNet Sites","volume":"38","author":"Friedman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit507","article-title":"Etiology of Diarrhea in Bangladeshi Infants in the First Year of Life Analyzed Using Molecular Methods","volume":"208","author":"Taniuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0803.010233","article-title":"Human Campylobacteriosis in Developing Countries","volume":"8","author":"Coker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg139","article-title":"Factors Associated with Increased and Decreased Risk of Campylobacter Infection: A Prospective Case-Control Study in Norway","volume":"158","author":"Kapperud","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540701393096","article-title":"Prevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni and Enteric Bacterial Pathogens among Hospitalized HIV Infected versus Non-HIV Infected Patients with Diarrhoea in Southern India","volume":"39","author":"Kownhar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881100118X","article-title":"Persistent Environmental Reservoirs on Farms as Risk Factors for Campylobacter in Commercial Poultry","volume":"140","author":"Ridley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-4749-6-18","article-title":"The Interplay between Campylobacter and Helicobacter Species and Other Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Commercial Broiler Chickens","volume":"6","author":"Kaakoush","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3875","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00493-13","article-title":"Comparison of Genotypes and Antibiotic Resistances of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli on Chicken Retail Meat and at Slaughter","volume":"79","author":"Kittl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.07.005","article-title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Slaughtered Sheep in Switzerland","volume":"92","author":"Zweifel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, E.J., Nakane, D., Kabata, Y., Hendrixson, D.R., Nishizaka, T., and Beeby, M. (2020). Campylobacter Jejuni Motility Integrates Specialized Cell Shape, Flagellar Filament, and Motor, to Coordinate Action of Its Opposed Flagella. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008620"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05272","article-title":"Protein Delivery into Eukaryotic Cells by Type III Secretion Machines","volume":"444","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svensson, S.L., Pryjma, M., and Gaynor, E.C. (2014). Flagella-Mediated Adhesion and Extracellular DNA Release Contribute to Biofilm Formation and Stress Tolerance of Campylobacter Jejuni. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106063"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07645.x","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Survival within Human Epithelial Cells Is Enhanced by the Secreted Protein CiaI","volume":"80","author":"Buelow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neal-McKinney, J., and Konkel, M. (2012). The Campylobacter Jejuni CiaC Virulence Protein Is Secreted from the Flagellum and Delivered to the Cytosol of Host Cells. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00031"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1086\/320704","article-title":"Secretion of the Virulence-Associated Campylobacter Invasion Antigens from Campylobacter Jejuni Requires a Stimulatory Signal","volume":"183","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-811X-11-79","article-title":"The Campylobacter JejuniCiaD Effector Protein Activates MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways and Is Required for the Development of Disease","volume":"11","author":"Samuelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2012.08027.x","article-title":"Identification and Analysis of Flagellar Coexpressed Determinants (Feds) of Campylobacter Jejuni Involved in Colonization","volume":"84","author":"Hendrixson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson, R.O., and Gal\u00e1n, J.E. (2008). Campylobacter Jejuni Survives within Epithelial Cells by Avoiding Delivery to Lysosomes. PLOS Pathog., 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040014"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Houghton, J. (2012). The Helicobacter Pylori Cag Pathogenicity Island BT\u2014Helicobacter Species: Methods and Protocols. In, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-005-2"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13896","article-title":"Type IV Secretion in Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria","volume":"107","author":"Grohmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.8.4384-4390.2000","article-title":"Involvement of a Plasmid in Virulence of Campylobacter Jejuni 81-176","volume":"68","author":"Bacon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gabbert, A.D., Mydosh, J.L., Talukdar, P.K., Gloss, L.M., McDermott, J.E., Cooper, K.K., Clair, G.C., and Konkel, M.E. (2023). The Missing Pieces: The Role of Secretion Systems in Campylobacter Jejuni Virulence. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13010135"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lertpiriyapong, K., Gamazon, E.R., Feng, Y., Park, D.S., Pang, J., Botka, G., Graffam, M.E., Ge, Z., and Fox, J.G. (2012). Campylobacter Jejuni Type VI Secretion System: Roles in Adaptation to Deoxycholic Acid, Host Cell Adherence, Invasion, and In Vivo Colonization. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042842"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robinson, L., Liaw, J., Omole, Z., Xia, D., van Vliet, A.H.M., Corcionivoschi, N., Hachani, A., and Gundogdu, O. (2021). Bioinformatic Analysis of the Campylobacter Jejuni Type VI Secretion System and Effector Prediction. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.694824"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Katz, A., Porte, L., Weitzel, T., Varela, C., Mu\u00f1oz-Rehbein, C., Ugalde, J.A., Grim, C., Gonz\u00e1lez-Escalona, N., Blondel, C.J., and Bravo, V. (2023). Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Changes in Genomic Diversity and Distinctive Repertoires of T3SS and T6SS Effector Candidates in Chilean Clinical Campylobacter Strains. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1208825"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2018.00011","article-title":"Function of Serine Protease HtrA in the Lifecycle of the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter Jejuni","volume":"8","author":"Boehm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Microbiol. Immunol. EuJMI"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.1.279-284.2001","article-title":"Detection and Initial Characterization of Novel Capsular Polysaccharide among Diverse Campylobacter JejuniStrains Using Alcian Blue Dye","volume":"39","author":"Karlyshev","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteiro, M.A., Chen, Y.-H., Ma, Z., Ewing, C.P., Mohamad Nor, N., Omari, E., Song, E., Gabryelski, P., Guerry, P., and Poly, F. (2021). Relationships of Capsular Polysaccharides Belonging to Campylobacter Jejuni HS1 Serotype Complex. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247305"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.1.14752","article-title":"Campylobacter Capsule and Lipooligosaccharide Confer Resistance to Serum and Cationic Antimicrobials","volume":"2","author":"Keo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7281","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7281-7289.2005","article-title":"Intestinal Innate Immunity to Campylobacter Jejuni Results in Induction of Bactericidal Human Beta-Defensins 2 and 3","volume":"73","author":"Zilbauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konkel, M.E., Talukdar, P.K., Negretti, N.M., and Klappenbach, C.M. (2020). Taking Control: Campylobacter Jejuni Binding to Fibronectin Sets the Stage for Cellular Adherence and Invasion. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00564"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(88)90053-8","article-title":"A New Heat-Labile Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CLDT) Produced by Campylobacter spp.","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5490.354","article-title":"A Bacterial Toxin That Controls Cell Cycle Progression as a Deoxyribonuclease I-Like Protein","volume":"290","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3030172","article-title":"The Biology of the Cytolethal Distending Toxins","volume":"3","author":"Guerra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0882-4010(95)90022-5","article-title":"Distribution of the Cytolethal Distending Toxin A Gene (CdtA) among Species of Shigella and Vibrio, and Cloning and Sequencing of the Cdt Gene from Shigella Dysenteriae","volume":"18","author":"Okuda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4056","article-title":"A Diffusible Cytotoxin of Haemophilus Ducreyi","volume":"94","author":"Cope","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6535","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6535-6541.2000","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Cytolethal Distending Toxin Mediates Release of Interleukin-8 from Intestinal Epithelial Cells","volume":"68","author":"Hickey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Culotti, A., and Packman, A.I. (2015). Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Facilitates Campylobacter Jejuni Growth in Biofilms under Oxic Flow Conditions. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 91.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsec\/fiv136"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turonova, H., Briandet, R., Rodrigues, R., Hernould, M., Hayek, N., Stintzi, A., Pazlarova, J., and Tresse, O. (2015). Biofilm Spatial Organization by the Emerging Pathogen Campylobacter Jejuni: Comparison between NCTC 11168 and 81-176 Strains under Microaerobic and Oxygen-Enriched Conditions. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00709"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01878-09","article-title":"Biofilm Formation by Campylobacter Jejuni Is Increased under Aerobic Conditions","volume":"76","author":"Reuter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2017-0285","article-title":"Campylobacter Infections in Children","volume":"39","author":"Same","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000091","article-title":"Update on the Burden of Campylobacter in Developing Countries","volume":"27","author":"Kosek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881000292X","article-title":"Contamination Level and Ingestion Dose of Foodborne Pathogens Associated with Infections","volume":"139","author":"Takattori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549209062459","article-title":"Clinical Features of Sporadic Campylobacter Infections in Norway","volume":"24","author":"Kapperud","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1086\/513780","article-title":"Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Campylobacter Jejuni Infections","volume":"176","author":"Blaser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6.374","article-title":"Campylobacter Cholecystitis","volume":"6","author":"Udayakumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1086\/319760","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Infections: Update on Emerging Issues and Trends","volume":"32","author":"Acheson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1086\/381806","article-title":"V Salad and Pseudoappendicitis: Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis as a Foodborne Pathogen","volume":"189","author":"Tauxe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hartman, J., Westerman, M., and Wagenaar, J.F.P. (2020). Two-Sided Femoral Campylobacter Jejuni Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Acquired Hypogammaglobulinemia: A Case Report. BMC Infect. Dis., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4929-8"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-023-00589-2","article-title":"Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused by Campylobacter Jejuni in an Immunocompetent Patient","volume":"15","author":"Kirk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30466-8","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Vertebral Osteomyelitis","volume":"17","author":"Puljiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2020.1721133","article-title":"Meningitis Caused by Campylobacter Jejuni: A Case Presentation and Literature Review","volume":"76","author":"Kusulja","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Clin. Belg."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3233\/NPM-1366612","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni Meningitis in a Neonate: A Rare Case Report","volume":"6","author":"Tsoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neonatal. Perinatal. Med."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.18-1-98","article-title":"Acute Myocarditis Secondary to Acute Campylobacter Jejuni Infection","volume":"18","author":"Greenfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0393-2","article-title":"Is the Incidence of Perimyocarditis Increased Following Campylobacter Jejuni Infection?","volume":"26","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00517-1","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"397","author":"Shahrizaila","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, Z., Nabila, F.H., Asad, A., Begum, R., Jahan, I., Hayat, S., and Endtz, H. (2021). Draft Genome Sequences of Three Strains of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from Patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome in Bangladesh. Microbiol. Resour. Announc., 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00005-21"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6336.173","article-title":"Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with Campylobacter Infection","volume":"285","author":"Rhodes","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed)"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1299","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200885","article-title":"An International Perspective on Preceding Infections in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Leonhard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"545","article-title":"Quantifying the Association between Campylobacter Infection and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: A Systematic Review","volume":"28","author":"Poropatich","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Heal. Popul. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1086\/513783","article-title":"Association between Campylobacter Infection and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"176","author":"Allos","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2021.0187","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome: Lessons from Viral Infections","volume":"35","author":"Meidaninikjeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jahan, I., Hayat, S., Khalid, M.M., Ahammad, R.U., Asad, A., Islam, B., Mohammad, Q.D., Jacobs, B.C., and Islam, Z. (2022). Association of Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 Gene Polymorphisms with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09621-y"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"000660","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000660","article-title":"Biomolecule Sulphation and Novel Methylations Related to Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome-Associated Campylobacter Jejuni Serotype HS:19","volume":"7","author":"Heikema","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf272","article-title":"Peripheral Neuropathies and Anti\u2014glycolipid Antibodies","volume":"125","author":"Willison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.335-339.2005","article-title":"Epidemiology of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from Patients with Guillain-Barr\u00e9 and Fisher Syndromes in Japan","volume":"43","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000160399.08456.7C","article-title":"Antecedent Infections in Fisher Syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Koga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.04.002","article-title":"Nature versus Nurture in the Spectrum of Rheumatic Diseases: Classification of Spondyloarthritis as Autoimmune or Autoinflammatory","volume":"17","author":"Generali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.083451","article-title":"Reactive Arthritis Following Culture-Confirmed Infections with Bacterial Enteric Pathogens in Minnesota and Oregon: A Population-Based Study","volume":"67","author":"Townes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.006","article-title":"Campylobacter Reactive Arthritis: A Systematic Review","volume":"37","author":"Pope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schielke, A., Rosner, B.M., and Stark, K. (2014). Epidemiology of Campylobacteriosis in Germany\u2014Insights from 10 Years of Surveillance. BMC Infect. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-30"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268806006406","article-title":"Outbreaks of Waterborne Infectious Intestinal Disease in England and Wales, 1992\u20132003","volume":"134","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczepanska, B., Andrzejewska, M., Spica, D., and Klawe, J.J. (2017). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Isolated from Children and Environmental Sources in Urban and Suburban Areas. BMC Microbiol., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-017-0991-9"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02491-07","article-title":"Comparison of Campylobacter Populations in Wild Geese with Those in Starlings and Free-Range Poultry on the Same Farm","volume":"74","author":"Colles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colles, F.M., McCarthy, N.D., Layton, R., and Maiden, M.C.J. (2011). The Prevalence of Campylobacter amongst a Free-Range Broiler Breeder Flock Was Primarily Affected by Flock Age. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022825"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0288-7","article-title":"The Common Enteric Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among HIV-Infected Individuals Attending the Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Hawassa University Hospital, Southern Ethiopia","volume":"6","author":"Kebede","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247137.43495.34","article-title":"Sporadic Campylobacter Infection in Infants: A Population-Based Surveillance Case-Control Study","volume":"26","author":"Fullerton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000441","article-title":"Determinants of Campylobacteriosis Notifications in New Zealand","volume":"140","author":"Pyra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-020-00474-7","article-title":"Prevalence and Associated Factor of Campylobacter Species among Less than 5-Year-Old Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Diriba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lengerh, A., Moges, F., Unakal, C., and Anagaw, B. (2013). Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Campylobacter Species among under Five Diarrheic Children at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pediatr., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-82"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, D., McKune, S.L., Singh, N., Yousuf Hassen, J., Gebreyes, W., Manary, M.J., Bardosh, K., Yang, Y., Diaz, N., and Mohammed, A. (2021). Campylobacter Colonization, Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Stunting, and Associated Risk Factors Among Young Children in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study From the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project. Front. Public Heal., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.615793"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1319","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30351-6","article-title":"Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Methods to Investigate the Effect of Enteropathogen Infections on Linear Growth in Children in Low-Resource Settings: Longitudinal Analysis of Results from the MAL-ED Cohort Study","volume":"6","author":"Rogawski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Heal."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"279","article-title":"Campylobacter Enteritis","volume":"121","author":"Karmali","year":"1979","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.2.427","article-title":"V White Blood Cell Counts in Patients with Campylobacter-Induced Diarrhea and in Controls","volume":"152","author":"DeWitt","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.07.003","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni and Cytopenias","volume":"126","author":"Schattner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"e33980","article-title":"A Case of Pseudoappendicitis Caused by Campylobacter Enteritis Diagnosed by Gram Staining and Direct Microscopic Investigation of Stool Specimen","volume":"15","author":"Tabata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"5641","article-title":"Detection of Food Hazards in Foods: Comparison of Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and Cultural Methods","volume":"5","author":"Bonilauri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital J Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1086\/509924","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on Duration of Symptoms Caused by Infection with Campylobacter Species","volume":"44","author":"Ternhag","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024). Travelers\u2019 Diarrhea. CDC Yellow-Book 2024, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_161","unstructured":"(2024, December 03). World Gastroenterology Organisation Acute Diarrhea in Adults and Children: A Global Perspective. Available online: https:\/\/www.worldgastroenterology.org\/guidelines\/acute-diarrhea\/acute-diarrhea-english."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix669","article-title":"IDSA 2017\u2014Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea","volume":"65","author":"Shane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2006.00197.x","article-title":"Identification of Putative Zinc Hydrolase Genes of the Metallo-\u03b2-Lactamase Superfamily from Campylobacter Jejuni","volume":"49","author":"Alfredson","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_164","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) (2019). Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2019, Department of Health and Human Services."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000135","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance Trends and Mechanisms in the Foodborne Pathogen, Campylobacter","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Heal. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-16-561","article-title":"Prevalence and Characterization of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from Retail Chicken in Tianjin, China","volume":"80","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo, T.P., Pace, A., Varriale, L., Borrelli, L., Gargiulo, A., Pompameo, M., Fioretti, A., and Dipineto, L. (2021). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Larus Michahellis) in Southern Italy. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020275"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Donato, G., Marotta, F., Nuvoloni, R., Zilli, K., Neri, D., Di Sabatino, D., Calistri, P., and Di Giannatale, E. (2020). Prevalence, Population Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Coli Isolated in Italian Swine at Slaughterhouse. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8020222"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos-Ferreira, N., Ferreira, V., and Teixeira, P. (2022). Occurrence and Multidrug Resistance of Campylobacter in Chicken Meat from Different Production Systems. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11131827"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2020.1833302","article-title":"Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Conventional Production and Backyard Poultry Flocks","volume":"62","author":"Dias","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0099","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Corresponding Multilocus Sequence Types of the Campylobacter Jejuni Isolates from Human Diarrheal Samples","volume":"19","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1637\/11546-120116-Reg.1","article-title":"A Study on Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli through Commercial Broiler Production Chains in Thailand: Antimicrobial Resistance, the Characterization of DNA Gyrase Subunit A Mutation, and Genetic Diversity by Flagellin A Gene Restriction Fragmen","volume":"61","author":"Thomrongsuwannakij","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0082","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Causing Human Infection in Australia: An International Comparison","volume":"27","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.2.426-432.1994","article-title":"Development and Characterization of RecA Mutants of Campylobacter Jejuni for Inclusion in Attenuated Vaccines","volume":"62","author":"Guerry","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott, A.E., Timms, A.R., Connerton, P.L., Loc Carrillo, C., Adzfa Radzum, K., and Connerton, I.F. (2007). Genome Dynamics of Campylobacter Jejuni in Response to Bacteriophage Predation. PLoS Pathog., 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030119"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steffan, S.M., Shakeri, G., Kehrenberg, C., Peh, E., Rohde, M., Pl\u00f6tz, M., and Kittler, S. (2022). Campylobacter Bacteriophage Cocktail Design Based on an Advanced Selection Scheme. Antibiotics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020228"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peh, E., Szott, V., Reichelt, B., Friese, A., R\u00f6sler, U., Pl\u00f6tz, M., and Kittler, S. (2023). Bacteriophage Cocktail Application for Campylobacter Mitigation\u2014From in Vitro to in Vivo. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02963-1"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.12.032","article-title":"Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone and Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter spp.","volume":"8","author":"Payot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg033","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter Species from Man and Animals: Detection of Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes","volume":"51","author":"Piddock","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152652800","article-title":"Single or Double Mutational Alterations of GyrA Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"7","author":"Bachoual","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-73.6.1141","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter","volume":"73","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3347-3354.2005","article-title":"Role of Efflux Pumps and Topoisomerase Mutations in Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"49","author":"Beilei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.1.390-394.2003","article-title":"In Vivo Selection of Campylobacter Isolates with High Levels of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Associated with GyrA Mutations and the Function of the CmeABC Efflux Pump","volume":"47","author":"Naidan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki292","article-title":"Involvement of the CmeABC Efflux Pump in the Macrolide Resistance of Campylobacter coli","volume":"56","author":"Cagliero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1289-1293.2005","article-title":"Evidence for Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni Not Mediated by CmeB or CmeF","volume":"49","author":"Pumbwe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01543-16","article-title":"Emergence of a Potent Multidrug Efflux Pump Variant That Enhances Campylobacter Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl412","article-title":"Role of the CmeABC Efflux Pump in the Emergence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter under Selection Pressure","volume":"58","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05163.x","article-title":"Development and Stability of Bacteriocin Resistance in Campylobacter spp.","volume":"111","author":"Hoang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butcher, J., and Stintzi, A. (2017). Methods to Study Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6536-6"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq418","article-title":"Contribution of CmeG to Antibiotic and Oxidative Stress Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"66","author":"Jeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.11.005","article-title":"A Seventeen-Year Observation of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Clinical Campylobacter Jejuni and the Molecular Mechanisms of Erythromycin-Resistant Isolates in Beijing, China","volume":"42","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv382","article-title":"Species Shift and Multidrug Resistance of Campylobacter from Chicken and Swine, China, 2008\u20132014","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2186","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Broilers in Live Bird Markets in Shanghai, China","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog. Dis."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-016-0100-x","article-title":"Genotyping and Antibiotic Resistance of Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolated from Chicken and Pig Meat in Vietnam","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(02)00314-8","article-title":"Occurrence and Resistance to Antibiotics of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli in Animals and Meat in Northeastern Italy","volume":"82","author":"Pezzotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1302.060587","article-title":"Campylobacter Antimicrobial Drug Resistance among Humans, Broiler Chickens, and Pigs, France","volume":"13","author":"Gallay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"314","article-title":"High Prevalence of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Tetracycline Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry in Poland","volume":"24","author":"Kielsznia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2013.0110","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from Poultry in Italy","volume":"20","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2012.0160","article-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli Strains Isolated from Two Early Stages of Poultry Production","volume":"19","author":"Echeita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020115","article-title":"Increasing Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni, Pennsylvania, USA,1982\u201320011","volume":"8","author":"Nachamkin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2015.1120272","article-title":"Fluoroquinolone and Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from Broiler Slaughterhouses in Southern Brazil","volume":"45","author":"Perdoncini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00662-4","article-title":"The Mechanism of Action of Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin B Reveals the Nascent Peptide Exit Path in the Ribosome","volume":"330","author":"Tenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2005.08.019","article-title":"An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to High-Level Erythromycin Resistance in Campylobacter","volume":"27","author":"Corcoran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2005.11.40","article-title":"Detection of Mutations Associated with Macrolide Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. by Real-Time PCR","volume":"11","author":"Vacher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2753-2759.2005","article-title":"Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli: Molecular Mechanism and Stability of the Resistance Phenotype","volume":"49","author":"Gibreel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02822-15","article-title":"A Highly Macrolide-Resistant Campylobacter Jejuni Strain with Rare A2074T Mutations in 23S RRNA Genes","volume":"60","author":"Ohno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00616-06","article-title":"Synergy between Efflux Pump CmeABC and Modifications in Ribosomal Proteins L4 and L22 in Conferring Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter coli","volume":"50","author":"Cagliero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt492","article-title":"Report of Ribosomal RNA Methylase Gene Erm(B) in Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli","volume":"69","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv383","article-title":"Description of an Erm(B)-Carrying Campylobacter Coli Isolate in Europe","volume":"71","author":"Quesada","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4575","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00605-13","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Anti-CmeA and Anti-CmeB Peptide Nucleic Acids on Sensitizing Campylobacter Jejuni to Antibiotics","volume":"57","author":"Mu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12185","article-title":"Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors for Thermophilic Campylobacter Infections in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Humans in Tanzania","volume":"62","author":"Komba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt515","article-title":"A Single Nucleotide in the Promoter Region Modulates the Expression of the \u03b2-Lactamase OXA-61 in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"69","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki419","article-title":"Interaction of CmeABC and CmeDEF in Conferring Antimicrobial Resistance and Maintaining Cell Viability in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"57","author":"Akiba","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg093","article-title":"Mechanism of Tet (O)-mediated Tetracycline Resistance","volume":"22","author":"Connell","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.23753","article-title":"Resistance Mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"4","author":"Iovine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.11.3660-3664.2002","article-title":"Class 1 Integron-Associated Tobramycin-Gentamicin Resistance in Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated from the Broiler Chicken House Environment","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2454-2459.2005","article-title":"Mosaic Structure of a Multiple-Drug-Resistant, Conjugative Plasmid from Campylobacter jejuni","volume":"49","author":"Nirdnoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12870","article-title":"Knowledge Gaps in Control of Campylobacter for Prevention of Campylobacteriosis","volume":"65","author":"Hansson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sibanda, N., McKenna, A., Richmond, A., Ricke, S.C., Callaway, T., Stratakos, A.C., Gundogdu, O., and Corcionivoschi, N. (2018). A Review of the Effect of Management Practices on Campylobacter Prevalence in Poultry Farms. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02002"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-326","article-title":"Intracloacal Inoculation, an Effective Screening Method for Determining the Efficacy of Probiotic Bacterial Isolates against Campylobacter Colonization in Broiler Chickens","volume":"78","author":"Arsi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Food Prot."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.A., Jang, M.J., Kim, S.Y., Yang, Y., Pavlidis, H.O., and Ricke, S.C. (2019). Potential for Prebiotics as Feed Additives to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter Establishment in the Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00091"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.04.009","article-title":"New and Alternative Strategies for the Prevention, Control, and Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter","volume":"223","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(97)00126-6","article-title":"Campylobacter Jejuni in Broiler Chickens: Colonization and Humoral Immunity Following Oral Vaccination and Experimental Infection","volume":"15","author":"Rice","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13455","article-title":"Feedback Control of Campylobacter Jejuni Flagellin Levels through Reciprocal Binding of FliW to Flagellin and the Global Regulator CsrA","volume":"102","author":"Radomska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.11.073","article-title":"Oral Administration of PLGA-Encapsulated CpG ODN and Campylobacter Jejuni Lysate Reduces Cecal Colonization by Campylobacter Jejuni in Chickens","volume":"36","author":"Hodgins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kobierecka, P.A., Wyszy\u0144ska, A.K., Gubernator, J., Kuczkowski, M., Wi\u015bniewski, O., Maruszewska, M., Wojtania, A., Derlatka, K.E., Adamska, I., and Godlewska, R. (2016). Chicken Anti-Campylobacter Vaccine\u2014Comparison of Various Carriers and Routes of Immunization. Front. Microbiol., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00740"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2669\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:58:39Z","timestamp":1760115519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/12\/12\/2669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"references-count":226,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms12122669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12122669","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]}}}