{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:43:30Z","timestamp":1760118210112,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["88887.677815\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.677815\/2022-00"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Brazilian Federal Agency for Suport and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.677815\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.677815\/2022-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Breastfeeding is fundamental for the development and protection of the newborn, and microorganisms present in breast milk are associated with the development of the infant\u2019s intestinal microbiota. However, there are factors that interfere with breastfeeding, resulting in the need to supply donated milk to milk banks for these children. Even though there is a restriction on medications prescribed for pregnant and breastfeeding women, some antimicrobials are accepted, as long as they are used correctly and as they can increase the selection pressure for resistant bacteria. The microorganisms present in breast milk from a human milk bank were evaluated and the resistance of the isolates to antimicrobials was phenotypically characterized. In total, 184 microbial isolates were identified by mass spectrometry, of 12 bacterial genera and 1 yeast genus. There was a high prevalence of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, mainly S. epidermidis (33%). Resistance to antimicrobials varied among species, with a higher percentage of isolates resistant to penicillins and macrolides. Multidrug resistance was identified in 12.6% of 143 isolates. Breast milk contains a wide variety of microorganisms, mainly those of the Staphylococcus and Enterobacter genera. There was a high percentage of resistant isolates, and multidrug resistance in Klebsiella oxytoca (66.7%; 4\/6) and S. epidermidis (15.0%; 9\/60) isolates, which increases the public health concern.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T04:30:58Z","timestamp":1735273858000},"page":"28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacterial Multiresistance and Microbial Diversity of Milk Received by a University Hospital Milk Bank"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5457-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayane da Silva","family":"Zanini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5393-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedito Donizete","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanderson Sirley Reis","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Fornazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gismelli Cristiane","family":"Angeluci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel Cuba","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7603-7027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Franco Miranda","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Fidelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualileite Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Veiga dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualileite Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8713-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliano Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5127-0762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Prof. Doutor Walter Maur\u00edcio Correa, s\/n, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Brazil (2024, April 17). 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