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In total, 18 healthy Simmental crossbred cattle were randomized into three separate groups (n = 6\/group): (1) control diet (CON; forage-to-concentrate ratio = 80:20); (2) high-grain diet (SARA; forage-to-concentrate ratio = 20:80); and (3) high-grain diet supplemented with capsaicin (CAP; 250 mg\/cattle\/day). The study was conducted over a 60-day period. The results showed that the SARA model was successfully induced in the SARA group with a high-grain diet. Relative to the SARA group, the addition of capsaicin elevated the ruminal pH from 5.40 to 6.36 (p &lt; 0.01), and decreased the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from 133.95 to 82.86 mmol\/L (p &lt; 0.01), aligning closely with the levels observed in the CON group. The addition of capsaicin increased the alpha diversity of ruminal bacteria relative to the SARA group, as evidenced by a lower Simpson index (p &lt; 0.05), together with increases in the Ace, Chao, and Shannon indices (p &lt; 0.05). Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were the most common phyla across all treatment groups, while Prevotella was the predominant genera. The unique bacterial genera (LDA scores &gt; 4) identified within the SARA group comprised Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001, Succinivibrio, NK4A214_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Ruminococcus, which may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of SARA. The unique genera associated with the CON group included Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, and U29-B03, while those for the CAP group included Succiniclasticum and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004. In summary, these results suggest that dietary capsaicin supplementation can limit the adverse effects of SARA through the modulation of bacterial communities within the rumen, thus altering ruminal fermentation in beef cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1736160052000},"page":"84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Capsaicin Modulates Ruminal Fermentation and Bacterial Communities in Beef Cattle with High-Grain Diet-Induced Subacute Ruminal Acidosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijian","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enliang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1781-3553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fugui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Jinan 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3018","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2703","article-title":"Evaluation of triticale dried distillers grains with solubles as a substitute for barley grain and barley silage in feedlot finishing diets","volume":"88","author":"Wierenga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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