{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:30:43Z","timestamp":1780590643266,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1300902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1300902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32300068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32200155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32200053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G2022015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Plan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIT-2024-054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIT-2024-054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2021YFA1300902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1300902"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32300068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300068"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32200155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200155"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32270196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270196"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32200053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200053"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["G2022015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022015"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["IIT-2024-054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIT-2024-054"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["2021YFA1300902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1300902"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["32300068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32300068"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["32200155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200155"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["32270196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270196"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["32200053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32200053"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["G2022015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G2022015"]}]},{"name":"In-hospital project of the Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital","award":["IIT-2024-054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIT-2024-054"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium abscessus are opportunistic pathogens that cause severe infections in hospitals, and their co-infections are increasingly reported. The interspecies interactions between these two bacterial species and their potential impacts on infections are largely unexplored. In this study, we first demonstrated that P. aeruginosa inhibits the growth of M. abscessus by iron chelating via pqs quorum sensing. Next, through proteomic analysis, we discovered that the PQS molecule significantly changed a large amount of protein expression in M. abscessus, including proteins involved in the type VII secretion system and iron homeostasis. Furthermore, we revealed that PQS significantly enhanced the production of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) by M. abscessus. Our study suggests that the P. aeruginosa PQS can serve as an interspecies signaling molecule to communicate with Mycobacterium and affect their physiology and virulence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T07:40:13Z","timestamp":1736322013000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pseudomonas aeruginosa\u00a0pqs Quorum Sensing Mediates Interaction with Mycobacterium abscessus In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangjian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenying","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guobao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyuan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2362-0128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01056-1","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux020","article-title":"Structure, function and regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa porins","volume":"41","author":"Chevalier","year":"2017","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(02)01422-0","article-title":"The pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"84","author":"Baysse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soto-Aceves, M.P., Smalley, N.E., Schaefer, A.L., and Greenberg, E.P. (2024). The Relationship of pqs Gene Expression to Acylhomoserine Lactone Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.22.586172"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Yang, J., Cheng, J., Zeng, J., Ma, X., and Lin, J. (2024). PQS and pyochelin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa share inner membrane transporters to mediate iron uptake. Microbiol. Spectr., 12.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03256-23"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03925","article-title":"Membrane vesicles traffic signals and facilitate group activities in a prokaryote","volume":"437","author":"Mashburn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shaaban, M.T., Abdel-Raouf, M., Zayed, M., and Emara, M.A. (2024). Microbiological and molecular studies on a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a liver transplant patient with urinary tract infection in Egypt. BMC Microbiol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03318-0"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hemmati, J., Nazari, M., Abolhasani, F.S., Ahmadi, A., and Asghari, B. (2024). In vitro investigation of relationship between quorum-sensing system genes, biofilm forming ability, and drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Microbiol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03249-w"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Sevilla, G., Crabbe, A., Garcia-Coca, M., Aguilera-Correa, J.J., Esteban, J., and Perez-Jorge, C. (2019). Antimicrobial Treatment Provides a Competitive Advantage to Mycobacterium abscessus in a Dual-Species Biofilm with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 63.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01547-19"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campo-P\u00e9rez, V., Juli\u00e1n, E., and Torrents, E. (2024). Interplay of Mycobacterium abscessus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in coinfection: Biofilm Dynamics and Host Immune Response. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.01.22.576702"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bustamante-Marin, X.M., and Ostrowski, L.E. (2017). Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028241"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2304891","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202304891","article-title":"A Bacterial Quorum Sensing Regulated Protease Inhibits Host Immune Responses by Cleaving Death Domains of Innate Immune Adaptors","volume":"10","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.10.125","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Hoiby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2007.12.001","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in the cystic fibrosis airway","volume":"21","author":"Stanton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2020.101917","article-title":"Global tuberculosis research and its future prospects","volume":"121","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.169.3.9275870","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the central airways: CT findings of active and fibrotic disease","volume":"169","author":"Moon","year":"1997","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.03.017","article-title":"Assessment of current diagnostic algorithm for detection of mixed infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lombard, J.E., Patton, E.A., Gibbons-Burgener, S.N., Klos, R.F., Tans-Kersten, J.L., Carlson, B.W., Keller, S.J., Pritschet, D.J., Rollo, S., and Dutcher, T.V. (2021). Human-to-Cattle Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Transmission in the United States. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.691192"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3555","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.7.3555-3557.2005","article-title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from human to cattle","volume":"43","author":"Ocepek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30139-6","article-title":"Zoonotic tuberculosis in human beings caused by Mycobacterium bovis-a call for action","volume":"17","author":"Muwonge","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi5695","article-title":"Mycobacterium abscessus in cystic fibrosis","volume":"372","author":"Brugha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44261","article-title":"Mycobacteria release active membrane vesicles that modulate immune responses in a TLR2-dependent manner in mice","volume":"121","author":"Baena","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choi, K.H., and Schweizer, H.P. (2005). An improved method for rapid generation of unmarked Pseudomonas aeruginosa deletion mutants. BMC Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-30"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3A","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.pha03as38","article-title":"Assays for determination of protein concentration","volume":"38","author":"Olson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","article-title":"Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method","volume":"3","author":"Schmittgen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME09182","article-title":"Pseudomonas quinolone signal affects membrane vesicle production in not only gram-negative but also gram-positive bacteria","volume":"25","author":"Tashiro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.AC118.006844","article-title":"Molecular conformation affects the interaction of the Pseudomonas quinolone signal with the bacterial outer membrane","volume":"294","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bythrow, G.V., Farhat, M.F., Levendosky, K., Mohandas, P., Germain, G.A., Yoo, B., and Quadri, L.E.N. (2022). Mycobacterium abscessus Mutants with a Compromised Functional Link between the Type VII ESX-3 System and an Iron Uptake Mechanism Reliant on an Unusual Mycobactin Siderophore. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11090953"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2009.12.001","article-title":"Chronic Mycobacterium abscessus infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Esther","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S169789","article-title":"Impact of concomitant nontuberculous mycobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Drug Resist."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2199","article-title":"The type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Infection by injection","volume":"7","author":"Hauser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116523","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.01165-23","article-title":"Laser desorption rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LD-REIMS) demonstrates a direct impact of hypochlorous acid stress on PQS-mediated quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"9","author":"Bradley","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15823","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.3c01328","article-title":"3-Hydroxypyridin-4(1H)-one Derivatives as pqs Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Attenuate Virulence and Reduce Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"66","author":"Miao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2022.02.007","article-title":"A Pseudomonas aeruginosa PQS quorum-sensing system inhibitor with anti-staphylococcal activity sensitizes polymicrobial biofilms to tobramycin","volume":"29","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, T., Liu, D., Bi, X., Li, M., Cai, Z., Fu, J., Liu, Z., Wu, P., Ke, X., and Jia, A. (2022). The AhR ligand phthiocol and vitamin K analogs as Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing inhibitors. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.896687"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.12.016","article-title":"The healing effect of Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) with co-infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A preclinical animal co-infection model","volume":"17","author":"Dehbashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, R., Jankiewicz, O., Johnson, C., Livingston, B., and Dahl, J.U. (2023). Pseudomonas aeruginosa kills Staphylococcus aureus in a polyphosphate-dependent manner. bioRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.12.05.570291"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, T., Bi, X., Li, M., Zhang, C., Ren, A., Li, S., Zhou, T., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., and Liu, X. (2024). Hfq-binding small RNA PqsS regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa pqs quorum sensing system and virulence. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes, 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00550-4"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2017.82","article-title":"Versatile effects of bacterium-released membrane vesicles on mammalian cells and infectious\/inflammatory diseases","volume":"39","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.05.028","article-title":"Treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus complex-lung disease","volume":"119","author":"Weng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3371","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3371-3381.2002","article-title":"ideR, An essential gene in mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role of IdeR in iron-dependent gene expression, iron metabolism, and oxidative stress response","volume":"70","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foreman, M., Kolodkin-Gal, I., and Barkan, D. (2022). A Pivotal Role for Mycobactin\/mbtE in Growth and Adaptation of Mycobacterium abscessus. Microbiol. Spectr., 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02623-22"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.2.424-430.2006","article-title":"Identification of an ABC transporter required for iron acquisition and virulence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"188","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Miranda, R., Cuthbert, B.J., Klevorn, T., Chao, A., Mendoza, J., Arbing, M., Sieminski, P.J., Papavinasasundaram, K., Abdul-Hafiz, S., and Chan, S. (2023). Differentiating the roles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis substrate binding proteins, FecB and FecB2, in iron uptake. PLoS Pathog., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011650"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birmes, F.S., Wolf, T., Kohl, T.A., Ruger, K., Bange, F., Kalinowski, J., and Fetzner, S. (2017). Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus Is Capable of Degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quinolone Signals. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00339"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14888","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14888","article-title":"A Pseudomonas T6SS effector recruits PQS-containing outer membrane vesicles for iron acquisition","volume":"8","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newton-Foot, M., Warren, R.M., Sampson, S.L., van Helden, P.D., and Gey van Pittius, N.C. (2016). The plasmid-mediated evolution of the mycobacterial ESX (Type VII) secretion systems. BMC Evol. Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-016-0631-2"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagune, M., Le Moigne, V., Johansen, M.D., Vasquez Sotomayor, F., Daher, W., Petit, C., Cosentino, G., Paulowski, L., Gutsmann, T., and Wilmanns, M. (2022). The ESX-4 substrates, EsxU and EsxT, modulate Mycobacterium abscessus fitness. PLoS Pathog., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010771"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6595","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1804227115","article-title":"Direct cell-cell contact activates SigM to express the ESX-4 secretion system in Mycobacterium smegmatis","volume":"115","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_200_22","article-title":"Coinfection of pulmonary tuberculosis with other lower respiratory tract infections: A retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Aldriwesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, Y.F., Pi, J., and Xu, J.F. (2021). Emerging Role of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: From Immunity Regulations to Vaccine and Immunotherapy. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.628973"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biadglegne, F., Schmidt, J.R., Engel, K.M., Lehmann, J., Lehmann, R.T., Reinert, A., Konig, B., Schiller, J., Kalkhof, S., and Sack, U. (2022). Mycobacterium tuberculosis Affects Protein and Lipid Content of Circulating Exosomes in Infected Patients Depending on Tuberculosis Disease State. Biomedicines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10040783"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Gonzalez, P., Cervera-Hernandez, M.E., Martinez-Gamboa, A., Garcia-Garcia, L., Cruz-Hervert, L.P., Bobadilla-Del Valle, M., Ponce-de Leon, A., and Sifuentes-Osornio, J. (2016). Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: A retrospective comparison with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Mexican tertiary care centre, 2000\u20132015. BMC Infect Dis, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2001-5"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2008.07.003","article-title":"Potential challenges to the Stop TB Plan for humans in China; cattle maintain M. bovis and M. tuberculosis","volume":"89","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombo, E., Borgiani, B., Verderio, C., and Furlan, R. (2012). Microvesicles: Novel biomarkers for neurological disorders. Front. Physiol., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00063"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-015-6637-7","article-title":"Biomarkers for infection: Enzymes, microbes, and metabolites","volume":"99","author":"Tegl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dauros-Singorenko, P., Blenkiron, C., Phillips, A., and Swift, S. (2018). The functional RNA cargo of bacterial membrane vesicles. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 365.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fny023"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S390378","article-title":"Metabolomics of Extracellular Vesicles: A Future Promise of Multiple Clinical Applications","volume":"17","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/1\/116\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:24:58Z","timestamp":1759919098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/1\/116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13010116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13010116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]}}}