{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T15:00:05Z","timestamp":1793458805181,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The re-emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, following the tragic death of a 14-year-old boy, underscores the persistent threat posed by zoonotic pathogens and highlights the growing global public health challenge. With no vaccine or curative treatment available, and fatality rates as high as 94% in past outbreaks, the Nipah virus is a critical concern for health authorities worldwide. Transmitted primarily through contact with fruit bats or consumption of contaminated food, as well as direct human-to-human transmission, NiV remains a highly lethal and unpredictable pathogen. The World Health Organization has classified Nipah as a priority pathogen due to its alarming potential to cause widespread outbreaks and even trigger the next pandemic. Recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh, occurring with seasonal regularity, have once again exposed the vulnerability of public health systems in containing this virus. This study explores the epidemiology, ecological factors driving transmission, and the public health response to NiV, emphasizing the role of zoonotic spillovers in pandemic preparedness. As the global community grapples with an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases, the Nipah virus stands as a stark reminder of the importance of coordinated surveillance, rapid containment measures, and the urgent development of novel strategies to mitigate the impact of this re-emerging threat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T05:17:08Z","timestamp":1736399828000},"page":"124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Nipah Virus: A Zoonotic Threat Re-Emerging in the Wake of Global Public Health Challenges"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9485-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Branda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5921-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Endocrine-Metabolic Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Migrant and Global Health Research Organization\u2014Mi-Hero, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5849-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Giovanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"},{"name":"Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE)\u2014CLIMADE Americas, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Albanese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9831-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Binetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-9239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Ciccozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-714X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268819000086","article-title":"Nipah virus infection: A review","volume":"147","author":"Aditi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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