{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:48:32Z","timestamp":1787971712885,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have suggested that probiotics could play a role in the management of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). In this randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of consumption of probiotics containing human Lactobacillus casei DG\u00ae as an add-on treatment in patients with clinical recurrences of CBP, through gut microbiota modification analysis. Enrolled patients with CBP were randomized to receive for 3 months probiotics containing human Lactobacillus casei DG\u00ae or placebo following 1 month treatment with ciprofloxacin. During the enrollment and follow-ups, urological examinations analyzed symptoms and quality of life, while microbiological tests analyzed gut and seminal microbiota. During the study, the development of adverse drug reactions was evaluated through the Naranjo scale. Twenty-four patients with CBP were recruited and treated for 3 months with placebo (n. 12) or with Lactobacillus casei DG\u00ae (n. 12). Lactobacillus casei DG\u00ae induced a significantly (p &lt; 0.01) faster recovery of symptoms than placebo (2 days vs. 8 days) and an increased time free from symptoms (86 days vs. 42 days) without the occurrence of adverse events. In the probiotic group, the appearance of Lactobacilli after 30 days (T1) was higher vs. the placebo group, and a significant reduction in Corynebacterium, Peptoniphilus, Pseudomonas, Veillonella, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus was also observed. These preliminary data suggest that in patients with CBP, the use of Lactobacillus casei DG after an antimicrobial treatment improves the days free of symptoms and the quality of life, without the development of adverse drug reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T03:48:11Z","timestamp":1736480891000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Probiotics in the Management of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate a Possible Link Between Gut Microbiota Restoring and Symptom Relief"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8641-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Vocca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5161-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana Marisol","family":"Abrego-Guandique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erika","family":"Cione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-5259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Rania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Marcian\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Palleria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, 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Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Italo Michele","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7629-6579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovambattista","family":"De Sarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2423-2933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Ceccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6874-2904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Botti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7234-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Santa Chiara Regional Hospital, 38123 Trento, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Federico II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Gallelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Operative Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Health Science, AOU Dulbecco, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Research Center FAS@UMG, Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"},{"name":"Medifarmagen, University of Catanzaro and Renato Dulbecco Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13101","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: A consensus 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