{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T06:31:35Z","timestamp":1785047495068,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Historically, there has been a concern for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms in foods, and numerous methods have been developed to determine their microbiological conditions. The present study aimed to compare the numbers of microbes recovered with three sampling methods: drip, excision, and swabbing in vacuum-packed beef. The sampling methods were evaluated in terms of the viable numbers of Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochrothrix thermosphacta, Salmonella spp., and yeasts and moulds (Y&amp;M). The numbers of B. thermosphacta, Salmonella spp., Enterobacteriaceae, LAB, and M&amp;Y recovered with the drip method were significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) than those from the other two methods. Regarding excision and swabbing, the recovery of B. thermosphacta and Enterobacteriaceae was higher (p &lt; 0.05) with the excision method than swabbing, while there were no statistical differences (p &gt; 0.05) between both methods for Salmonella spp., LAB, and Y&amp;M. In conclusion, the drip method can recover up to two logarithms more than the other techniques in vacuum-packed meat; hence, it should be considered when designing and implementing sampling systems for the meat industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13010159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T11:28:31Z","timestamp":1736854111000},"page":"159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Swab, the Drip, or the Meat? Comparison of Microbiological Sampling Methods in Vacuum-Packed Raw Beef"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aracely","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-2572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"America","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet E.","family":"Corry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, North Somerset, Langford BS40 5DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Helps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, North Somerset, Langford BS40 5DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6693-1420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal. A.","family":"Reyes-Villagrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"},{"name":"Researcher CONAHCYT, Av. Insurgentes Sur, No 1582, Col, Cr\u00e9dito Constructor, Mexico City 03940, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan. M.","family":"Tirado Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0884-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Santellano-Estrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana L.","family":"Renter\u00eda-Monterrubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UACH-CA03 Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chihuahua, Perif\u00e9rico Fco. R. Almada, Chihuahua 33820, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-72.9.1848","article-title":"Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in different cattle farm types and identification of potential risk factors","volume":"72","author":"Cobbaut","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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