{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:46:03Z","timestamp":1788176763834,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas CONAHCyT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDCPN2013-01 215547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDCPN2013-01 215547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas CONAHCyT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["(496) 212250-3210-11007-04-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(496) 212250-3210-11007-04-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnolog\u00edas CONAHCyT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["212250-20607-03-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212250-20607-03-14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes","award":["PDCPN2013-01 215547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDCPN2013-01 215547"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes","award":["(496) 212250-3210-11007-04-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(496) 212250-3210-11007-04-14"]}]},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes","award":["212250-20607-03-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["212250-20607-03-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of mortality in preterm infants, with Escherichia coli as one of the leading pathogens. Few studies have examined the interplay between virulence factors, resistance profiles, phylogroups, and clinical outcomes in this population. We analyzed 52 E. coli strains isolated from 49 preterm neonates diagnosed with sepsis at a tertiary-level hospital in Mexico. Strains underwent phylogenetic classification, virulence gene profiling, and antimicrobial resistance testing. PFGE was used to assess genetic relatedness and outbreak clusters. Clinical data were correlated with molecular findings. Phylogroups A and B2 accounted for 46% of strains. Phylogroup A exhibited notable virulence, with high prevalence of the pathogenicity island described in virulent extra-intestinal E. coli strains (PAI), aerobactin siderophore receptor AerJ (iutA), and yersiniabactin siderophore receptor (fyuA) genes, alongside significant resistance profiles. PFGE identified two dominating branches. Branch A, comprising phylogroups A and B2, displayed high resistance and was prevalent in the neonatal intensive care unit. Branch C, with phylogroups A and D, showed less multidrug resistance but was significantly associated with maternal chorioamnionitis. This study redefines E. coli pathogenicity in neonatal sepsis, highlighting the virulence of traditionally non-pathogenic phylogroups. High virulence strains were associated with more severe outcomes. These findings underscore the need for enhanced strategies in targeted prevention, improved diagnostics, and tailored treatments for high-risk preterm populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T04:19:51Z","timestamp":1737433191000},"page":"219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Advancing Understanding of Escherichia coli Pathogenicity in Preterm Neonatal Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7091-8840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Villavicencio-Carrisoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6541-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orly","family":"Grobeisen-Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Laura","family":"Garcia-Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Laboratorio Central, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma Eloisa","family":"Monroy-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"Villeda-Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-5633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irma Elena","family":"Sosa-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7604-6158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Flores-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunobioqu\u00edmica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7749-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Figueroa-Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Infectolog\u00eda e Inmunolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de Mexico 11000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Francisco","family":"Cerna-Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11350, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1556-9956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Rivera-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11350, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Villegas-Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Salud del Estado de Quintana Roo, Chetumal 7700, Quintana Roo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3365-2932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Zaga-Clavellina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de 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