{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:47:34Z","timestamp":1791895654873,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human skin hosts a diverse array of microorganisms that contribute to its health. Key players in the facial skin microbiome include Cutibacterium acnes and staphylococci, whose colonization patterns may influence dermatological conditions like acne vulgaris. This study examined the facial microbiome composition of 29 individuals, including 14 with moderate to severe acne and 15 with healthy skin, using single locus sequence typing (SLST) amplicon sequencing. The results showed a shift in the relative abundances of C. acnes phylotypes: SLST types A, C, and F were increased in acne, while types H, K, and L were reduced compared to healthy skin. Among staphylococci, the relative abundance of S. epidermidis, S. capitis, and S. saphrophyticus increased in acne, while S. saccharolyticus and S. hominis decreased. The amplicon sequencing approach could also identify a population shift of S. epidermidis: a specific S. epidermidis phylogenetic lineage (type 3) was reduced in acne, while two abundant lineages (types 1 and 2) were elevated. These findings suggest that distinct phylogenetic lineages of both C. acnes and S. epidermidis are linked to healthy versus diseased skin, highlighting a potential role for both microorganisms in disease prevention and aggravation, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T11:10:39Z","timestamp":1738149039000},"page":"299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Distinct Intraspecies Variation of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis in Acne Vulgaris and Healthy Skin"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tina","family":"Hamann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf AG Research & Development, Discovery, 20245 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Br\u00fcggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1918-6974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilie","family":"Feidenhansl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-2075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erinda","family":"Rruci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gallinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf AG Research & Development, Discovery, 20245 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Gallinat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf AG Research & Development, Discovery, 20245 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"H\u00fcpeden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beiersdorf AG Research & Development, Discovery, 20245 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60321-8","article-title":"Acne vulgaris","volume":"379","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13786","article-title":"Biogeography and individuality shape function in the human skin metagenome","volume":"514","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.008","article-title":"Temporal Stability of the Human Skin Microbiome","volume":"165","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.157","article-title":"The human skin microbiome","volume":"16","author":"Byrd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, A.M., and Gallo, R.L. (2018). Host-microbiome interactions and recent progress into understanding the biology of acne vulgaris. Microbiome, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0558-5"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.12.007","article-title":"Anatomy promotes neutral coexistence of strains in the human skin microbiome","volume":"30","author":"Conwill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.10.006","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes","volume":"31","author":"Ahle","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18230","article-title":"The role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology","volume":"181","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomholt, H.B., and Kilian, M. (2010). Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012277"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne","volume":"133","author":"Tomida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaughlin, J., Watterson, S., Layton, A.M., Bjourson, A.J., Barnard, E., and McDowell, A. (2019). Propionibacterium acnes and Acne Vulgaris: New Insights from the Integration of Population Genetic, Multi-Omic, Biochemical and Host-Microbe Studies. Microorganisms, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7050128"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Br\u00fcggemann, H., Salar-Vidal, L., Gollnick, H.P.M., and Lood, R. (2021). A Janus-Faced Bacterium: Host-Beneficial and -Detrimental Roles of Cutibacterium acnes. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.673845"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDowell, A., Nagy, I., Magyari, M., Barnard, E., and Patrick, S. (2013). The opportunistic pathogen Propionibacterium acnes: Insights into typing, human disease, clonal diversification and CAMP factor evolution. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070897"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1002\/jvc2.487","article-title":"Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus dysbiosis of the skin microbiome in acne and its decline after isotretinoin treatment","volume":"3","author":"Feidenhansl","year":"2024","journal-title":"JEADV Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18616","article-title":"Evolution of the facial skin microbiome during puberty in normal and acne skin","volume":"37","author":"Schneider","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scholz, C.F., Jensen, A., Lomholt, H.B., Br\u00fcggemann, H., and Kilian, M. (2014). A novel high-resolution single locus sequence typing scheme for mixed populations of Propionibacterium acnes in vivo. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104199"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahle, C.M., St\u00f8dkilde, K., Poehlein, A., B\u00f6meke, M., Streit, W.R., Wenck, H., Reuter, J.H., H\u00fcpeden, J., and Br\u00fcggemann, H. (2022). Interference and co-existence of staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes within the healthy human skin microbiome. Commun. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03897-6"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.06.615","article-title":"Different Propionibacterium acnes Phylotypes Induce Distinct Immune Responses and Express Unique Surface and Secreted Proteomes","volume":"136","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00023-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00023-15","article-title":"Strain-Level Differences in Porphyrin Production and Regulation in Propionibacterium acnes Elucidate Disease Associations","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15150","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15150","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory activity of Cutibacterium acnes phylotype IA1 and extracellular vesicles: An in vitro study","volume":"33","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayslich, C., Grange, P.A., and Dupin, N. (2021). Cutibacterium acnes as an Opportunistic Pathogen: An Update of Its Virulence-Associated Factors. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020303"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat4326","article-title":"Microbial guardians of skin health","volume":"363","author":"Stacy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00780-3","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis and its dual lifestyle in skin health and infection","volume":"21","author":"Severn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv066","article-title":"Ecological overlap and horizontal gene transfer in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"7","author":"Miragaia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.006","article-title":"Host-Specific Evolutionary and Transmission Dynamics Shape the Functional Diversification of Staphylococcus epidermidis in Human Skin","volume":"180","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conlan, S., Mijares, L.A., NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Becker, J., Blakesley, R.W., Bouffard, G.G., Brooks, S., Coleman, H., Gupta, J., and Gurson, N. (2012). Staphylococcus epidermidis pan-genome sequence analysis reveals diversity of skin commensal and hospital infection-associated isolates. Genome Biol., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-7-r64"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espadinha, D., Sobral, R.G., Mendes, C.I., Meric, G., Sheppard, S.K., Carrico, J.A., de Lencastre, H., and Miragaia, M. (2019). Distinct Phenotypic and Genomic Signatures Underlie Contrasting Pathogenic Potential of Staphylococcus epidermidis Clonal Lineages. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01971"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01934-06","article-title":"Improved multilocus sequence typing scheme for Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"45","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0230-7","article-title":"Global spread of three multidrug-resistant lineages of Staphylococcus epidermidis","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rendboe, A.K., Johannesen, T.B., Ingham, A.C., M\u00e5nsson, E., Iversen, S., Baig, S., Edslev, S., Jensen, J.S., S\u00f6derquist, B., and Andersen, P.S. (2020). The Epidome\u2014A species-specific approach to assess the population structure and heterogeneity of Staphylococcus epidermidis colonization and infection. BMC Microbiol., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-020-02041-w"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"000504","article-title":"Comparative genomics of Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic-joint infections and nares highlights genetic traits associated with antimicrobial resistance, not virulence","volume":"7","author":"Stegger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Genom."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2541-2547.2001","article-title":"Development of a PCR assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels","volume":"39","author":"Martineau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strube, M.L., Hansen, J.E., Rasmussen, S., and Pedersen, K. (2018). A detailed investigation of the porcine skin and nose microbiome using universal and Staphylococcus specific primers. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30689-y"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurray, C.L., Hardy, K.J., Calus, S.T., Loman, N.J., and Hawkey, P.M. (2016). Staphylococcal species heterogeneity in the nasal microbiome following antibiotic prophylaxis revealed by tuf gene deep sequencing. Microbiome, 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0210-1"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iversen, S., Johannesen, T.B., Ingham, A.C., Edslev, S.M., Tevell, S., M\u00e5nsson, E., Nilsdotter-Augustinsson, \u00c5., S\u00f6derquist, B., Stegger, M., and Andersen, P.S. (2020). Alteration of bacterial communities in anterior nares and skin sites of patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery: Analysis by 16S rRNA and staphylococcal-specific tuf gene sequencing. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202011.0640.v1"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahle, C.M., St\u00f8dkilde-J\u00f8rgensen, K., Poehlein, A., Streit, W.R., H\u00fcpeden, J., and Br\u00fcggemann, H. (2021). Comparison of three amplicon sequencing approaches to determine staphylococcal populations on human skin. BMC Microbiol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-021-02284-1"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","article-title":"Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads","volume":"17","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBnet J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2584","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2584","article-title":"VSEARCH: A versatile open source tool for metagenomics","volume":"4","author":"Rognes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.545","article-title":"Subsampled open-reference clustering creates consistent, comprehensive OTU definitions and scales to billions of sequences","volume":"2","author":"Rideout","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","article-title":"ggplot2","volume":"3","author":"Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Comput. Stat."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P.J., and Holmes, S. (2013). phyloseq: An R package for reproducible interactive analysis and graphics of microbiome census data. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F.G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P.R., and O\u2019hara, R.B. (2024, October 15). Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R Package Version 2.0-10. Available online: https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/vegan\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340","article-title":"MUSCLE: Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput","volume":"32","author":"Edgar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Treangen, T.J., Ondov, B.D., Koren, S., and Phillippy, A.M. (2014). The Harvest suite for rapid core-genome alignment and visualization of thousands of intraspecific microbial genomes. Genome Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0524-x"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive tree Of life (iTOL) v5: An online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13913","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients in Japan between 2013 and 2015","volume":"44","author":"Nakase","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2847","article-title":"Decrease in diversity of Propionibacterium acnes phylotypes in patients with severe acne on the back","volume":"98","author":"Dagnelie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavallo, I., Sivori, F., Truglio, M., De Maio, F., Lucantoni, F., Cardinali, G., Pontone, M., Bernardi, T., Sanguinetti, M., and Capitanio, B. (2022). Skin dysbiosis and Cutibacterium acnes biofilm in inflammatory acne lesions of adolescents. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25436-3"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.05.029","article-title":"Genetic and functional analyses of Cutibacterium acnes isolates reveal association of a linear plasmid with skin inflammation","volume":"144","author":"Cavagnero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nazipi, S., St\u00f8dkilde-J\u00f8rgensen, K., Scavenius, C., and Br\u00fcggemann, H. (2017). The Skin Bacterium Propionibacterium acnes Employs Two Variants of Hyaluronate Lyase with Distinct Properties. Microorganisms, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms5030057"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8061","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43833-8","article-title":"Functional divergence of a bacterial enzyme promotes healthy or acneic skin","volume":"14","author":"Hajam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay5445","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay5445","article-title":"A Cutibacterium acnes antibiotic modulates human skin microbiota composition in hair follicles","volume":"12","author":"Claesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez, R., Elsherbini, A.M.A., Lozano, C., Mart\u00ednez, A., de Toro, M., Zarazaga, M., Peschel, A., Krismer, B., and Torres, C. (2023). Genomic Analysis of Bacteriocin-Producing Staphylococci: High Prevalence of Lanthipeptides and the Micrococcin P1 Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-023-10119-w"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severn, M.M., Williams, M.R., Shahbandi, A., Bunch, Z.L., Lyon, L.M., Nguyen, A., Zaramela, L.S., Todd, D.A., Zengler, K., and Cech, N.B. (2022). The Ubiquitous Human Skin Commensal Staphylococcus hominis Protects against Opportunistic Pathogens. mBio, 13.","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00930-22"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"200","article-title":"Commensal production of a broad-spectrum and short-lived antimicrobial peptide polyene eliminates nasal Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"Dema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1159\/000499858","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis: A Potential New Player in the Physiopathology of Acne?","volume":"235","author":"Claudel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14467","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis: The unmissable modulators of skin inflammatory response","volume":"31","author":"Dagnelie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/2\/299\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:38:28Z","timestamp":1759919908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/2\/299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13020299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13020299","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]]}}}