{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T01:41:21Z","timestamp":1772502081059,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health with \u201cCurrent Research funds\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidium spp. are zoonotic protozoan parasites with a global prevalence, with both gastrointestinal and pulmonary involvement. Though symptoms can often be relatively mild, they can become severe and even fatal in children under five, the elderly, and in immunocompromised individuals, making cryptosporidiosis a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in fragile populations. Furthermore, there is an urgent clinical need for alternative therapies against cryptosporidiosis, as currently available FDA-approved treatments are ineffective in the immunocompromised. Recent evidence in animal models suggests that the gut microbiota (GM) can influence both host and parasite biology to influence the course of Cryptosporidium infection. Here, we present GM profiles in five cases of cryptosporidiosis, associated with varying underlying pathologies. We found that moderate\u2013severe cryptosporidiosis was characterized by a reduction in alpha-diversity and an enrichment of Enterococcus spp., while decreases in Bifidobacterium, Gemmiger, and Blautia were detectable in the milder manifestations of the disease. Our results suggest that severe cryptosporidiosis is associated with a stronger change on the GM than is age or underlying pathology. Together with previously published studies in animal models, we believe that these results suggest that the GM could be a potential therapeutic target for human patients as well, particularly in the immunocompromised for whom anti-Cryptosporidium treatment remains largely ineffective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T05:50:36Z","timestamp":1738734636000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gut Microbial Signatures Associated with Cryptosporidiosis: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Piazzesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8936-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Pane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4195-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Romani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8976-9013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Toto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-2884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Scanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1047-4862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Marsiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4204-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Del Chierico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7748-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Cotugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-4719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0134-2830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenza","family":"Putignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Unit of Microbiome, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan, U., Zahedi, A., Feng, Y., and Xiao, L. 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