{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T12:24:01Z","timestamp":1766579041344,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coastal lagoons have undergone changes due to anthropogenic activities, the presence of wastewater discharges, and unsustainable practices that alter water quality, favoring the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Vibrio. This study identified the presence of the genes for zinc metalloproteinase (HA) Vibrio sp. and choleric toxin (ctx) Vibrio cholerae, associated with the sources of contamination in the Mandinga Coastal Lagoon (MCL). During 2017, samplings were carried out in which sources of contamination associated with anthropogenic activities were identified. At the same time, water samples were collected from which DNA was extracted and the presence\/absence of the HA and ctx genes was detected with a PCR analysis. The HA gene was identified in the three seasons of the year, while the ctx gene was only present in the dry and rainy seasons. The prevalence of both genes in the study area was independent of the presence of the pollution sources identified in the area. The absence of the ctx gene during the northern season is associated with the variability of the physicochemical parameters typical of the season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:30:29Z","timestamp":1738823429000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vibrio sp. and Identification of the ctx Gene of Cholera Toxin in the Mandinga Coastal Lagoon, Veracruz, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-0431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda del Refugio","family":"Casta\u00f1eda-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boca del R\u00edo, Km 12 Carretera Veracruz-C\u00f3rdoba, Boca del R\u00edo 94290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Aguilar-Muslera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Veracruz, Miguel \u00c1ngel de Quevedo 2779, Veracruz 91897, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8550-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Reyes-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boca del R\u00edo, Km 12 Carretera Veracruz-C\u00f3rdoba, Boca del R\u00edo 94290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8359-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Lango-Reynoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boca del R\u00edo, Km 12 Carretera Veracruz-C\u00f3rdoba, Boca del R\u00edo 94290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa Elena","family":"Zamudio-Alem\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boca del R\u00edo, Km 12 Carretera Veracruz-C\u00f3rdoba, Boca del R\u00edo 94290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9410-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnolia Gricel","family":"Salcedo-Gardu\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico\/Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Boca del R\u00edo, Km 12 Carretera Veracruz-C\u00f3rdoba, Boca del R\u00edo 94290, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Adaptaciones culturales y econ\u00f3micas a cambios provocados por tala de mangle y deterioro pesquero en Mandinga, Veracruz","volume":"29","author":"Aldeco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. 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