{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:37:29Z","timestamp":1792795049259,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NSERC Discovery grant, a Discovery Acceleration Supplement grant, and a Wellcome Trust grant","award":["223764\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223764\/Z\/21\/Z"]}]},{"name":"Courtois Foundation","award":["223764\/Z\/21\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223764\/Z\/21\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we simulated biologically realistic agent-based models over neutral landscapes to examine how spatial structure affects the spread of a rabies-like virus in a two-species system. We built landscapes with varying autocorrelation levels and simulated disease dynamics using different transmission rates for intra- and interspecies spread. The results were analysed based on combinations of spatial landscape structures and transmission rates, focusing on the median number of new reservoir and spillover cases. We found that both spatial landscape structures and viral transmission rates are key factors in determining the number of infected simulated agents and the epidemiological week when the highest number of cases occurs. While isolated habitat patches with elevated carrying capacity pose significant risks for viral transmission, they may also slow the spread compared to more connected patches, depending on the modelled scenario. This study highlights the importance of spatial landscape structure and viral transmission rates in cross-species spread. Our findings have implications for disease control strategies and suggest that future research should also focus on how landscape factors interact with pathogen dynamics, especially in those locations where susceptible agents could be more in contact with pathogens with high transmission rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T03:20:52Z","timestamp":1739503252000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Spatial Landscape Structure Influences Cross-Species Transmission in a Rabies-like Virus Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Norma Rocio","family":"Forero-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Arts et des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Dansereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Arts et des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Viard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC J2S 8H5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9375-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Acheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des Zoonoses et Sant\u00e9 Publique (GREZOSP), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC J2S 8H5, Canada"},{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Divisions, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 0H7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Leighton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC J2S 8H5, Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des Zoonoses et Sant\u00e9 Publique (GREZOSP), Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC J2S 8H5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timoth\u00e9e","family":"Poisot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Sciences Biologiques, Facult\u00e9 des Arts et des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goicolea, T., Cisneros-Ara\u00fajo, P., Vega, C.A., S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno, J.M., Mateo-S\u00e1nchez, M., and Bosch, J. 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