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The pathogenicity of this mycobacterium is directly linked to its ability to form biofilms, complex structures that confer resistance to antibiotics and the host immune response. The extracellular matrix of the biofilm acts as a physical barrier, hindering the penetration of drugs and the action of the immune system, while also inducing a slow-growth state that reduces susceptibility to antibiotics. Current therapies, which involve prolonged use of multiple antibiotics, are often ineffective and cause significant side effects. Therefore, it is essential to explore new strategies targeting bacterial resistance and biofilm destruction. This narrative review explores the biofilm-forming capacity of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense and the potential of novel therapeutic strategies. Promising approaches include inhibiting biofilm formation, developing drugs with improved penetration of the extracellular matrix, combination therapies with agents that destabilize the biofilm structure, and modulating the host immune response. Investing in research and development of new therapeutic strategies is essential to combat this resistant bacterium and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1739860872000},"page":"447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense: Biofilm Formation, Host Immune Response, and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Roseane Lustosa de Santana","family":"Lira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio Augusto Barros","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Amaz\u00f4nia\u2014BIONORTE, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1lia de F\u00e1tima Penna de Carvalho","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University\u2014UNICEUMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayenne Regina Mota","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University\u2014UNICEUMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2872-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Lucas Brito 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Duarte Lima","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Guerra","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University\u2014UNICEUMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9865-2223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrielle","family":"Zagmignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Amaz\u00f4nia\u2014BIONORTE, Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o\u2014UFMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65080-805, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biosciences Applied to Health, CEUMA University\u2014UNICEUMA, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65075-120, 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