{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T08:05:12Z","timestamp":1793520312749,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant food-borne pathogens, especially Escherichia coli O157:H7, highlights the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies, particularly in light of rising resistances and the ongoing controversy surrounding antibiotic use in response to E. coli O157:H7 infections. To address this issue, we explored the potential of single- and multi-strain probiotics, both independently and in combination with gentamicin, through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, gentamicin alone produced a mean inhibition zone of 12.9 \u00b1 2.27 mm against E. coli O157:H7. The combination of gentamicin with single-strain probiotics (P1) increased the inhibition zone to 16.5 \u00b1 2.24 mm (p &lt; 0.05), while the combination with multi-strain probiotics (P2) resulted in the largest inhibition zone of 19 \u00b1 2.8 mm (p &lt; 0.05). In vivo, mice infected with E. coli O157:H7 and treated with P2, gentamicin (G), or their combination (G+P2), achieved 100% survival, no pathological symptoms, and full weight recovery within seven days. Conversely, mice treated with P1 or G+P1 exhibited lower survival rates (71.4% and 85%, respectively) and slower weight recovery. Hematological parameters improved across all groups, but kidney function analysis showed significantly higher serum creatinine levels in the P1, G, G+P1, and G+P2 groups compared to the P2 group (P1: 0.63 \u00b1 0.15 mg\/dL; G: 0.34 \u00b1 0.09 mg\/dL; G+P1: 0.53 \u00b1 0.19 mg\/dL; G+P2: 0.5 \u00b1 0.23 mg\/dL vs. P2: 0.24 \u00b1 0.2 mg\/dL). Histological analysis showed better intestinal and kidney tissue recovery in the P2 group, while the P1 and G+P1 groups exhibited abnormal ileal structures and severe cortical bleeding. These findings highlight the promise of multi-strain probiotics, alone or in conjunction with antibiotics, as a therapeutic strategy for E. coli O157:H7 infections. However, the nephrotoxicity associated with gentamicin co-administration remains a limitation, warranting further studies to optimize this approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13020460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T08:36:46Z","timestamp":1739954206000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of Single and Multi-Strain Probiotics with Gentamicin Against E.\u00a0coli O157:H7: Insights from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fatima H.","family":"Fneish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Riad El Solh P.O. Box 11-5020, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9908-7251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled H.","family":"Abd El Galil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6423-5488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souraya A.","family":"Domiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, Z., Liang, W., Hu, Z., Li, X., Guo, R., Hua, L., Tang, X., Tan, C., Chen, H., and Wang, X. 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