{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:39:55Z","timestamp":1787614795653,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grimminger-Stiftung f\u00fcr Zoonosen-Forschung, Stuttgart, Germany","award":["82302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections with the zoonotic pathogen Yersinia (Y.) pseudotuberculosis are commonly causing clinical diseases and acute deaths in various mammal and bird species in zoos. These findings prompted us to conduct a targeted study that included animals of 18 German and 1 Swiss zoo that had been affected by the pathogen previously. This study provides a comprehensive overview of susceptible zoo animal species, clinical signs, therapies, antimicrobial resistance, pathogen monitoring, and prophylactic measures. In addition, fecal samples from species with documented infections and organ samples from deceased mammals and birds from two of the participating zoos, the urban zoo Wilhelma and the rural Opel Zoo, were examined for Y. pseudotuberculosis using both direct plating and enrichment. The overall prevalence of Y. pseudotuberculosis was 3.1% at the Opel Zoo and 1.3% at the Wilhelma. Fecal samples yielded positive results in 1.4% of the tested samples from the Opel Zoo but none from the Wilhelma. Among carcasses, 16.7% and 1.7% tested positive at the Opel Zoo and the Wilhelma, respectively (p = 0.006). Y. pseudotuberculosis was significantly more frequently isolated during the cold season (p = 0.002). Affected animals often died suddenly, displaying no or only non-specific clinical signs, but postmortem examinations revealed septicemia with multiple bacterial organ abscesses. Rodents, ruminants, primates, and Piciformes were the most commonly affected orders. Considering the zoonotic potential of Y. pseudotuberculosis, this research underscores the importance of investigations in zoos in accordance with the targets of the One Health approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T08:28:31Z","timestamp":1740558511000},"page":"516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occurrence and Monitoring of the Zoonotic Pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Various Zoo Animal Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lara Luisa","family":"Riede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological-Botanical Garden Wilhelma, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7668-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Knauf-Witzens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological-Botanical Garden Wilhelma, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uta","family":"Westerh\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Opel Hessian Zoo Foundation, 61476 Kronberg\/Taunus, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bonke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Schlez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"B\u00fcttner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Rau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Wuppertal, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Grund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Wuppertal, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5678-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Roller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Karlsruhe, 76137 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological-Botanical Garden Wilhelma, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany"},{"name":"Walsrode World Bird Park, 29699 Walsrode, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hertwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6930-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens Andre","family":"Hammerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"J\u00e4ckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Osmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo Dortmund, 44225 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Veterinary Investigations Office Westphalia, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Sting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical and Veterinary Analysis Agency Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2888-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hessian State Laboratory, 35392 Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-9.1.64","article-title":"Yersiniosis in wildlife and its public health implications","volume":"9","author":"Mair","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. 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