{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T09:55:56Z","timestamp":1791021356362,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["1190456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190456"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["1220964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1220964"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection globally, acquired mostly during childhood. It is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Due to challenges in culturing H. pylori, diagnostic reference standards often rely on combining \u22652 non-culture, biopsy-based methods. Histology with Giemsa staining is widely used in clinical settings due to its low cost and reliable performance. Methods: This study evaluated the concordance between histology with Giemsa staining as the reference standard and other diagnostic methods, including the rapid urease test (RUT), ureA RT-PCR, 16S sequencing, and anti-H. pylori serum IgG. Positive percent of agreement (PPA), negative percent of agreement (NPA) and concordance kappa index were calculated. Results: A total of 120 patients (41 positive and 79 negative by Giemsa staining) were analyzed. Among the methods tested, RT-PCR for ureA showed the best performance (PPA = 94.7%, NPA = 98.6%, kappa = 0.939), while RUT underperformed compared with expectations (PPA = 65.9%, NPA = 97.5%, kappa = 0.681). Serology had the lowest performance (PPA = 53.7%, NPA = 96.1%, kappa = 0.548). Conclusions: The combination of histology with Giemsa staining and ureA RT-PCR achieved the highest detection rate and strongest agreement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T04:58:17Z","timestamp":1741064297000},"page":"583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Concordance of Helicobacter pylori Detection Methods in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanira","family":"Campusano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7389-7795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8222-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinka","family":"Ivulic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lagomarcino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alliende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Rom\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Exequiel Gonzalez Cort\u00e9s, Santiago 8900085, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca","family":"Jaime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Marchant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"},{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Padre Hurtado, Santiago 8880465, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianela","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ignacio Juanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Roberto del R\u00edo, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Cristobal Ossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago 7500539, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Del Canto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-9292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomeu","family":"Viver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Microbiology Group, Department of Animal and Microbial Biodiversity, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (IMEDEA, CSIC-UIB), 07190 Esporles, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"O\u2019Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingenier\u00eda (ISCI), Santiago 8370398, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalda","family":"Lucero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"},{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Facultad de Medicina, Cl\u00ednica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7650568, Chile"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (Northern Campus), Hospital de Ni\u00f1os Roberto del R\u00edo, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes, V.E. 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