{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:49:27Z","timestamp":1791996567817,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Linezolid-non-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (LNSEf) has emerged as a critical clinical concern worldwide, yet data from Latin American settings remain scarce. This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and mechanisms underlying LNSEf in a Mexican tertiary care university hospital, focusing on clinical correlates and clonal relationships. A total of 392 non-duplicated E. faecalis isolates were collected over 12 months, of which 24 with minimum inhibitory concentrations \u22654 \u00b5g\/mL underwent whole-genome sequencing to identify specific resistance determinants (optrA, cfrA, 23S rRNA mutations) and to perform multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analyses. Of the 392 isolates, 6.12% showed linezolid non-susceptibility, predominantly linked to plasmid- or chromosomally encoded optrA; only two isolates carried cfrA. No mutations were detected in 23S rRNA domain V or ribosomal proteins L3\/L4. Clinically, LNSEf strains were associated with immunosuppression, previous surgical interventions, and prolonged hospital stays. Although most LNSEf isolates retained susceptibility to ampicillin, vancomycin, and daptomycin, they exhibited high rates of resistance to other antibiotic classes, particularly aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. These findings underscore the emergence of LNSEf in this region, highlighting the need for robust genomic surveillance, strict infection control, and judicious antimicrobial stewardship to curb further dissemination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T07:48:37Z","timestamp":1742370517000},"page":"684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Whole-Genome Sequencing of Linezolid-Resistant and Linezolid-Intermediate-Susceptibility Enterococcus faecalis Clinical Isolates in a Mexican Tertiary Care University Hospital"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0505-6340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ayala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"},{"name":"Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zu\u00f1iga 45641, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Perales-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"G\u00f3mez-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda Berenice","family":"Avila-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"G\u00f3mez-Portilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edson Alberto","family":"Rea-M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-6867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta Cassandra","family":"Vera-Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sequencing Research and Development, Abalat, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crisoforo Alejandro","family":"G\u00f3mez-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1901-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Briseno-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zu\u00f1iga 45641, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara \u201cFray Antonio Alcalde\u201d, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith Carolina","family":"De Arcos-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zu\u00f1iga 45641, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiological, Molecular and Biochemical Diagnostics (LaDiMMB), Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zu\u00f1iga 45641, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12236","article-title":"Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and 30-Day Mortality of Enterococcal Bacteraemia in Denmark 2006-2009: A Population-Based Cohort Study","volume":"20","author":"Pinholt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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