{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:11:20Z","timestamp":1790813480086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research","award":["23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23002"]}]},{"name":"Japanese Society for Helicobacter Research","award":["24K10603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K10603"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23002"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["24K10603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K10603"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastric and extragastric diseases. We have previously demonstrated that one of the mechanisms of H. pylori-associated chronic immune thrombocytopenia involves immune complexes of platelets, a H. pylori protein Lpp20 and an anti-Lpp20 antibody. However, it remains unclear how Lpp20 enters the body. We hypothesize that bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) transport Lpp20. Thus, this study assessed Lpp20 in the bEVs released from seven clinical H. pylori isolates, using immunoprecipitation (IP), immunoblotting (IB), and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), with anti-GroEL (a marker of bEVs) and anti-Lpp20 antibodies. Lpp20 and bEVs were each detected in lysates of all seven strains. IP\u2013IB experiments demonstrated that bEVs containing Lpp20 were produced by five of the strains (J99, SS1, HPK5, JSHR3, and JSHR31). SPRi using an anti-Lpp20 antibody demonstrated significantly higher reflectance from the strain HPK5 than from its lpp20-disrupted strains (p &lt; 0.01), indicating localization of Lpp20 on the bEVs\u2019 surface; Lpp20 may also be contained within bEVs. The bEVs containing Lpp20 were not detected from two clinical H. pylori strains (26695 and JSHR6) or from two lpp20-disrupted strains (26695\u0394Lpp20 and HPK5\u0394Lpp20). Differences in Lpp20 detection in bEVs are likely due to variations in bEV production resulting from strain diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T06:45:51Z","timestamp":1743144351000},"page":"753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of Released Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Containing Lpp20 from Helicobacter pylori"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4055-1167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aoi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Shibuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokiz, Okawa 831-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanaka","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Fujinuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaya","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reimi","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0416-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayu","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoe","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsukuru","family":"Umemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokiz, Okawa 831-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4829-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Science Technology, School of Health Science at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3 Kozunomori, Narita 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)92719-8","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis","volume":"321","author":"Warren","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection: When to eradicate, how to diagnose and treat","volume":"115","author":"Fischbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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