{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:08:00Z","timestamp":1760058480892,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004901","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004901","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq\u2014Brasil","award":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"]}]},{"name":"CNPq\/Brazil","award":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APQ-02829-18","BPQ-06575-24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Amebiasis is a globally prevalent infection that can lead to fatal outcomes if not adequately treated. Conventional treatment with imidazoles often fails due to side effects and resistance, emphasizing the need for alternative therapies. The probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has shown potential in combating intestinal pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the amebicidal activity of EcN in vitro and its effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica (2.5 \u00d7 10\u2074 cells\/mL) were cultured in 96-well plates and exposed to varying concentrations of EcN (102\u2013109 cells\/mL). Plates were incubated at 36 \u00b0C for 6, 12, and 18 h, after which trophozoite viability was assessed. Intracellular ROS production, including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, was measured using fluorescent probes. The highest efficacy was observed after 18 h at a CFU concentration of 109 cells\/mL. Increased ROS production at all probiotic concentrations suggested a role in EcN\u2019s amebicidal mechanism. Morphological changes in trophozoites, such as rounding, vacuolization, and size reduction, were noted after EcN exposure, indicating growth inhibition. These findings suggest EcN induces structural and morphological changes in E. histolytica, inhibiting its growth in vitro. The findings suggest the potential efficacy of EcN; however, definitive confirmation requires data from human clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:47:41Z","timestamp":1744282061000},"page":"828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amebicidal Activity of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Against Entamoeba histolytica"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-630X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Moura-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9963-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabr\u00edcio M. S.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Type 2 Immunity Laboratory, Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine Department, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga L. M.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2639-3469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael E.","family":"Szawka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-4940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Campideli-Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jullia","family":"Teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciano S. A.","family":"Capettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0741-3062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flaviano S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7263-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria A.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barlaam, A., Sannella, A.R., Ferrari, N., Temesgen, T.T., Rinaldi, L., Normanno, G., Cacci\u00f2, S.M., Robertson, L.J., and Giangaspero, A. 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