{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:31:40Z","timestamp":1790724700286,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Genomics Research and Development Initiative AMR (GRDI-AMR) of the Government of Canada and the Beef Cattle Research Council","award":["ANH.04.21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANH.04.21"]}]},{"name":"NSERC","award":["ANH.04.21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANH.04.21"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterococcus species are used as One Health indicators of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans, animals, and the environment. A surveillance study in beef cows and calves isolated Enterococcus casseliflavus along with E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. hirae. Given the high prevalence of E. casseliflavus, we elected to characterize this species to better understand its role in the antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in cows and calves. Almost 12% of E. casseliflavus isolates exhibited multidrug resistance with the majority being resistant to lincomycin (99%), followed by quinupristin\u2013dalfopristin (34%), ciprofloxacin (9.6%), tylosin (4.5%), erythromycin (2.7%), tetracycline (1.8%), tigecycline (1.5%), daptomycin (0.6%), streptomycin (0.3%), and kanamycin (0.3%). All E. casseliflavus were susceptible to chloramphenicol, penicillin, streptomycin, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and linezolid. Whole genome antimicrobial resistance gene profiling identified vanC-type intrinsic vancomycin resistance genes in all E. casseliflavus, with the vanC4XYT gene cluster being dominant (67%) followed by vanC2XYT (31%) and vanC3XYT (1.5%). Resistance genes for erythromycin (ermB) and tetracycline (tetM) were rarely identified (2.1% and 1.2%, respectively) within E. casseliflavus genomes. No resistance genes were identified to explain either the quinupristin\u2013dalfopristin or ciprofloxacin resistance in these isolates. A core genome phylogenetic tree revealed two clades that exhibited no distinct association with the age of the host, time of sample collection, or the farm sampled. The open nature of the E. casseliflavus pan-genome highlighted its intraspecies diversity. These findings suggest that E. casseliflavus is likely a low-risk species in terms of contributing to antimicrobial resistance in the cow\u2013calf sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T08:11:39Z","timestamp":1744704699000},"page":"907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Genomic Characterization of Enterococcus casseliflavus Isolated from Beef Cows and Calves"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7176-0328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sani-e-Zehra","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3307-4666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahat","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Zovoilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3461-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayce","family":"Fossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Van Domselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Government of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7152-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Waldner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8266-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim A.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cameron, A., and McAllister, T.A. 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