{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:30:59Z","timestamp":1791952259209,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82030116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030116"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["tsqn202306036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306036"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Young Scholars","award":["82030116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030116"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Young Scholars","award":["tsqn202306036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202306036"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Members of Eubacteriaceae are involved in host health and diseases. Two Gram-stain-positive, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacterial strains, HA2171T and HA2172T, were isolated from the feces of Chinese healthy donors. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, HA2171T and HA2172T belonged to the family Eubacteriaceae. Physiological and biochemical characterizations indicated that HA2171T and HA2172T were neutrophilic, mesophilic, and tolerant to low-concentration NaCl. The major cellular fatty acids (&gt;10.0%) of HA2171T were C16:0, C14:0, C18:1\u03c97c, and C17:0 2-OH, and those of HA2172T were C14:0 and C16:0. MK-6 was the respiratory quinone in both strains. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses showed that HA2171T was closest to Anaerofustis stercorihominis ATCC BAA-858T and that HA2172T as closest to Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus ATCC 23263T. Genome annotation revealed that the HA2171T and HA2172T were able to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acetate and butyrate. HA2172T contains genes associated with hydrogen sulfide production, which is a potential risk for diseases. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, we propose that HA2171T and HA2172T represent two novel species, and the names Anaerofustis butyriciformans sp. nov. and Pseudoramibacter faecis sp. nov. are proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T08:09:17Z","timestamp":1744790957000},"page":"916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Members of the Family Eubacteriaceae, Anaerofustis butyriciformans sp. nov. and Pseudoramibacter faecis sp. nov., Isolated from Human Feces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9206-7292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6546-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao-Jie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Qi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-310X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang-Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Environmental Microbiology Research Center (EMRC), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1600266","article-title":"The human intestinal microbiome in health and disease","volume":"375","author":"Lynch","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0433-9","article-title":"Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease","volume":"19","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"865","article-title":"Family II. Eubacteriaceae fam. nov","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Vos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bergey Manual of Systematic Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2003.10.002","article-title":"Anaerofustis stercorihominis gen. nov., sp. nov., from human feces","volume":"10","author":"Finegold","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19929-w","article-title":"A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity","volume":"11","author":"Wylensek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of the genera Acetobacterium and Eubacterium sensu stricto and reclassification of Eubacterium alactolyticum as Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus gen. nov., comb. nov","volume":"46","author":"Willems","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greses, S., De Bernardini, N., Treu, L., Campanaro, S., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez, C. (2023). Genome-centric metagenomics revealed the effect of pH on the microbiome involved in short-chain fatty acids and ethanol production. Bioresour. Technol., 377.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.128920"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karcher, N., Pasolli, E., Asnicar, F., Huang, K.D., Tett, A., Manara, S., Armanini, F., Bain, D., Duncan, S.H., and Louis, P. (2020). Analysis of 1321 Eubacterium rectale genomes from metagenomes uncovers complex phylogeographic population structure and subspecies functional adaptations. Genome Biol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02042-y"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.003","article-title":"Butyrate-producing Eubacterium rectale suppresses lymphomagenesis by alleviating the TNF-induced TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB axis","volume":"30","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00130-e17","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00130-17","article-title":"Colonic butyrate-producing communities in humans: An overview using omics data","volume":"2","author":"Vital","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horwat, P., Kope\u0107, S., Garczyk, A., Kaliciak, I., Star\u0119ga, Z., Drogowski, K., Mardas, M., and Stelmach-Mardas, M. (2020). Influence of enteral nutrition on gut microbiota composition in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: A systematic review. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092551"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernocchi, P., Del Chierico, F., Quagliariello, A., Ercolini, D., Lucidi, V., and Putignani, L. (2017). A metagenomic and in Silico functional prediction of gut microbiota profiles may concur in discovering new cystic fibrosis patient-targeted probiotics. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9121342"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, J., Dominguez Rieg, J.A., Thomas, L., White, J.R., and Rieg, T. (2022). Intestine-specific NHE3 deletion in adulthood causes microbial dysbiosis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.896309"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, S., Liu, Y., Duan, Y., Wang, F., Guo, F., Yan, F., Yang, X., and Yang, X. (2018). Intestinal toxicity of deoxynivalenol is limited by supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum JM113 and consequentially altered gut microbiota in broiler chickens. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0286-5"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lian, B., He, S., Jiang, H., Guo, Y., Cui, X., Jiang, T., Su, R., Chen, Y., Zhao, C., and Zhang, M. (2022). Qin-Qiao-Xiao-Du formula alleviate influenza virus infectious pneumonia through regulation gut microbiota and metabolomics. Front. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1032127"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Zhu, J., Cao, Q., Zhang, C., Dong, Z., Feng, D., Ye, H., and Zuo, J. (2022). Dietary catalase supplementation alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and gut microbiota dysbiosis in broiler chickens. Toxins, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14120830"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Akhtar, M., Ma, Z., Hu, T., Liu, Q., Pan, H., Zhang, X., Nafady, A.A., Ansari, A.R., and Abdel-Kafy, E.-S.M. (2023). Chicken cecal microbiota reduces abdominal fat deposition by regulating fat metabolism. Npj Biofilms Microbiomes, 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00390-8"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200311000-00012","article-title":"Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus in primary endodontic infections","volume":"29","author":"Siqueira","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30852","article-title":"Characterization of gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and cytokines in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"71","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X.-W., Abdugheni, R., Huang, H.-J., Wang, Y.-J., Jiang, M.-Z., Liu, C., Zhou, N., Jiang, H., and Liu, S.-J. (2022). Bacteroides propionicigenes sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 72.","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005397"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e242","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.242","article-title":"The rheumatoid arthritis gut microbial biobank reveals core microbial species that associate and effect on host inflammation and autoimmune responses","volume":"3","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Imeta"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17645","article-title":"Culturing of \u2018unculturable\u2019 human microbiota reveals novel taxa and extensive sporulation","volume":"533","author":"Browne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-015-0319-0","article-title":"First report on the bacterial diversity in the distal gut of dholes (Cuon alpinus) by using 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001755","article-title":"Introducing EzBioCloud: A taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies","volume":"67","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054","article-title":"MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets","volume":"33","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01734359","article-title":"Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach","volume":"17","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/20.4.406","article-title":"Toward defining the course of evolution: Minimum change for a specific tree topology","volume":"20","author":"Fitch","year":"1971","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01731581","article-title":"A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences","volume":"16","author":"Kimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.03.006","article-title":"CVTree: A parallel alignment-free phylogeny and taxonomy tool based on composition vectors of genomes","volume":"19","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1089\/cmb.2012.0021","article-title":"SPAdes: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing","volume":"19","author":"Bankevich","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000760","article-title":"OrthoANI: An improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.531120","article-title":"Digital DNA-DNA hybridization for microbial species delineation by means of genome-to-genome sequence comparison","volume":"2","author":"Auch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stand. Genom. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-017-0844-4","article-title":"A large-scale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide identity","volume":"110","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Auch, A.F., Klenk, H.-P., and G\u00f6ker, M. (2013). Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC Bioinform., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-60"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W182","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm321","article-title":"KAAS: An automatic genome annotation and pathway reconstruction server","volume":"35","author":"Moriya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad328","article-title":"dbCAN3: Automated carbohydrate-active enzyme and substrate annotation","volume":"51","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01675-1","article-title":"gutSMASH predicts specialized primary metabolic pathways from the human gut microbiota","volume":"41","author":"Augustijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W339","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr466","article-title":"antiSMASH: Rapid identification, annotation and analysis of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters in bacterial and fungal genome sequences","volume":"39","author":"Medema","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.018507-0","article-title":"Alkalibaculum bacchi gen. nov., sp. nov., a CO-oxidizing, ethanol-producing acetogen isolated from livestock-impacted soil","volume":"60","author":"Allen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4914","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004361","article-title":"Alkalibaculum sporogenes sp. nov., isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano and emended description of the genus Alkalibaculum","volume":"70","author":"Khomyakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khomyakova, M., Merkel, A., Novikov, A., Klyukina, A., and Slobodkin, A. (2021). Alkalibacter mobilis sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from a coastal lake. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 71.","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005174"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lagkouvardos, I., Pukall, R., Abt, B., Foesel, B.U., Meier-Kolthoff, J.P., Kumar, N., Bresciani, A., Mart\u00ednez, I., Just, S., and Ziegler, C. (2016). The mouse Intestinal Bacterial Collection (miBC) provides host-specific insight into cultured diversity and functional potential of the gut microbiota. Nat. Microbiol., 1.","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.131"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.53.3.471-476.1987","article-title":"Additional characteristics of one-carbon-compound utilization by Eubacterium limosum and Acetobacterium woodii","volume":"53","author":"Genthner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.42.1.12-19.1981","article-title":"Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species","volume":"42","author":"Genthner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.43.1.70-74.1982","article-title":"Growth of Eubacterium limosum with carbon monoxide as the energy source","volume":"43","author":"Genthner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"254","article-title":"Eubacterium callanderi sp. nov. that demethoxylates O-methoxylated aromatic acids to volatile fatty acids","volume":"38","author":"Mountfort","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1998.0179","article-title":"Eubacterium aggreganssp. nov., a new homoacetogenic bacterium from olive mill wastewater treatment digestor","volume":"4","author":"Mechichi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"812","article-title":"The phylogeny of the genus Clostridium: Proposal of five new genera and eleven new species combinations","volume":"44","author":"Collins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05947.x","article-title":"Regulation of fatty acid metabolism in bacteria","volume":"66","author":"Fujita","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-017-0650-8","article-title":"Improving Escherichia coli membrane integrity and fatty acid production by expression tuning of FadL and OmpF","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson, C.C., Chimetto, L., Edwards, R.A., Swings, J., Stackebrandt, E., and Thompson, F.L. (2013). Microbial genomic taxonomy. BMC Genom., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-913"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01688-14","article-title":"A proposed genus boundary for the prokaryotes based on genomic insights","volume":"196","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.000874","article-title":"Paraclostridium benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment and reclassification of Clostridium bifermentans as Paraclostridium bifermentans comb. nov. Proposal of a new genus Paeniclostridium gen. nov. to accommodate Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium ghonii","volume":"66","author":"Tushar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.107","article-title":"Enzymatic potato starch modification and structure-function analysis of six diverse GH77 4-alpha-glucanotransferases","volume":"224","author":"Christensen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cayrou, C., Henrissat, B., Gouret, P., Pontarotti, P., and Drancourt, M. (2012). Peptidoglycan: A post-genomic analysis. BMC Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-294"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cww096","article-title":"Conformational flexibility of PL12 family heparinases: Structure and substrate specificity of heparinase III from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT4657)","volume":"27","author":"Ulaganathan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.23280","article-title":"Study and design of stability in GH5 cellulases","volume":"109","author":"Badieyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-021-04721-4","article-title":"Structure and dynamics analysis of multi-domain putative \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase of family 3 glycoside hydrolase (PsGH3) from Pseudopedobacter saltans","volume":"27","author":"Nath","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Goyal, A., and Sharma, K. (2023). Chapter 6\u2014Endo-\u03b2-1,3-glucanase. Glycoside Hydrolases, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0477-9","article-title":"Effects of amino acid-derived luminal metabolites on the colonic epithelium and physiopathological consequences","volume":"33","author":"Blachier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, W., Zhao, M., Dwidar, M., Gao, Y., Xiang, L., Wu, X., Medema, M.H., Xu, S., Li, X., and Sch\u00e4fer, H. (2024). Microbial assimilatory sulfate reduction-mediated H2S: An overlooked role in Crohn\u2019s disease development. Microbiome, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01873-2"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From dietary fiber to host physiology: Short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.003","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health","volume":"16","author":"Miquel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.4.1654-1661.2000","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human gut","volume":"66","author":"Barcenilla","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB01298B","article-title":"Sodium butyrate-modified sulfonated polyetheretherketone modulates macrophage behavior and shows enhanced antibacterial and osteogenic functions during implant-associated infections","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.11.019","article-title":"Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing probiotic, inhibits intestinal tumor development through modulating Wnt signaling and gut microbiota","volume":"469","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30240-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates acute myeloid leukaemia via alteration of intestinal barrier function mediated by butyrate","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, H.C.-H., Zhang, X., Ji, F., Lin, Y., Liang, W., Li, Q., Chen, D., Fong, W., Kang, X., and Liu, W. (2024). Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma through producing valeric acid. eBioMedicine, 100.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104952"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303262653231120043819","article-title":"Molecular targets of valeric acid: A bioactive natural product for endocrine, metabolic, and immunological disorders","volume":"24","author":"Bindu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr. Metab. Immune Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Groen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18309","article-title":"Acetate mediates a microbiome\u2013brain\u2013\u03b2-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome","volume":"534","author":"Perry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan, H., Wang, L., Huangfu, M., and Li, H. (2023). The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials. Biomed. Pharmacother., 165.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115276"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107330","article-title":"Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: A metagenomic analysis","volume":"64","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.23736\/S1121-421X.19.02576-5","article-title":"Microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases: Results of a metagenomic study in Saudi Arabia","volume":"65","author":"Masoodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18289","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018289","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus coinfection in brain after dental extraction: A case report","volume":"98","author":"Liao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, J., Zhao, Y., Xi, Y., Xiang, C., Yong, C., Huo, J., Zou, H., Hou, Y., Pan, Y., and Wu, M. (2022). Association between depression, anxiety symptoms and gut microbiota in Chinese elderly with functional constipation. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235013"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06990-w","article-title":"Bile salt hydrolase catalyses formation of amine-conjugated bile acids","volume":"626","author":"Rimal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stummer, N., Feichtinger, R.G., Weghuber, D., Kofler, B., and Schneider, A.M. (2023). Role of hydrogen sulfide in inflammatory bowel disease. Antioxidants, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081570"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001997","article-title":"Methanogens and hydrogen sulfide producing bacteria guide distinct gut microbe profiles and irritable bowel syndrome subtypes","volume":"117","author":"Leite","year":"2022","journal-title":"Off. J. Am. Coll. Gastroenterol. ACG"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1889109","article-title":"The roles of microbial products in the development of colorectal cancer: A review","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teigen, L.M., Geng, Z., Sadowsky, M.J., Vaughn, B.P., Hamilton, M.J., and Khoruts, A. (2019). Dietary factors in sulfur metabolism and pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040931"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, D., Luo, N., Wang, L., Zhao, Z., Bu, H., Xu, G., Yan, Y., Che, X., Jiao, Z., and Zhao, T. (2017). Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates chronic renal failure in rats by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation through ROS\/MAPK and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00557-2"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006838231432","article-title":"Sulfides impair short chain fatty acid beta-oxidation at acyl-CoA dehydrogenase level in colonocytes: Implications for ulcerative colitis","volume":"181","author":"Babidge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.007","article-title":"Possible synergy effect of hydrogen sulfide and acetate produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria on inflammatory bowel disease development","volume":"27","author":"Kushkevych","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2016.07.020","article-title":"Hydrogen sulfide improves colonic barrier integrity in DSS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells and mice","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14488","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14488","article-title":"Dysregulated cystathionine-\u03b2-synthase\/hydrogen sulfide signaling promotes chronic stress-induced colonic hypermotility in rats","volume":"35","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., An, Y., Qin, X., Wu, X., Wang, X., Hou, H., Song, X., Liu, T., Wang, B., and Huang, X. (2021). Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer: The bad and the challenges. Front. Oncol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.739648"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13189","article-title":"Gut bacterium promotes host fitness in special ecological niche by affecting sugar metabolism in Drosophila suzukii","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.07.029","article-title":"Sex differences in intestinal carbohydrate metabolism promote food intake and sperm maturation","volume":"178","author":"Hudry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm3452","article-title":"Protein-metabolite interactomics of carbohydrate metabolism reveal regulation of lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"379","author":"Hicks","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/4\/916\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:15:37Z","timestamp":1760030137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/4\/916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13040916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13040916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]}}}