{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:11:29Z","timestamp":1789391489533,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2025R86"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2025R86"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transformative effect of nanotechnology is revolutionizing medicine by introducing new therapeutic approaches. This study explores the utilization of aqueous extract from mushroom (Cortinarius sp.) used as a reducing agent to prepare zinc oxide myco-nanoparticles (ZnO-MNPs) in an eco-friendly manner. The synthesis of ZnO-MNPs has been confirmed by various characterization studies, including UV-vis spectroscopy, which revealed an absorption peak at 378 nm; X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, which revealed a wurtzite hexagonal structure; and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), which showed stabilizing agents around the ZnO-MNPs. The effectiveness of ZnO-MNPs as an anti-cancer agent was evaluated by monitoring liver biochemical parameters against hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Balb C mice. The results showed that the levels of catalase, glutathione (GSH), and total protein were significantly lower, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), melanin dialdehyde (MDA), and total bilirubin (TB) were significantly higher in each of the CCl4 treatment groups. ZnO-MNP treatment significantly reduced the toxicological effects of CCl4 but did not completely restore the accumulation. The antimicrobial efficacy of ZnO-MNPs was investigated and showed potential results against common pathogens, including Bacillus subtilis (29.05 \u00b1 0.76), Bacillus meurellus (27.05 \u00b1 0.5), Acetobacter rhizospherensis (23.36 \u00b1 0.5), and Escherichia coli (25.86 \u00b1 0.80), while antifungal activity was relatively lower. Moreover, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that ZnO-MNPs are strong antioxidant agents. Overall, these findings highlight the effectiveness of myco-synthesized ZnO-NPs in combating pathogenic diseases, their promising role in cancer therapy, and their potential as a biomaterial option for future therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13050956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T20:24:52Z","timestamp":1745353492000},"page":"956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Green Myco-Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Cortinarius sp.: Hepatoprotective, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Potential for Biomedical Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Uzma","family":"Fazal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"},{"name":"Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2371-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9493-1436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiou Yih","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8176-1527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Faisal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Alatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahira","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0349-7214","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Sohail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02369-4","article-title":"Eco-Friendly Mycogenic Synthesis of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles for In Vitro Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antifungal Applications","volume":"199","author":"Mohamed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. 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