{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T10:37:12Z","timestamp":1763203032333,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wenzhou Basic Medical Health Science and Technology Project","award":["Y20220136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y20220136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porcine teschovirus (PTV) circulates in pig populations, causing clinical diseases such as poliomyelitis, reproductive disorders, and pneumonia. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PTV infection have not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that PTV infection does not activate the promoters of NF-\u03baB or IFN-\u03b2. The expression of PTV 3Cpro inhibits the promoter activity of NF-\u03baB and IFN-\u03b2 stimulated by SeV and inhibits the downstream transcription of NF-\u03baB and IFN-\u03b2 by blocking the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB. Coimmunoprecipiation (co-IP) experiments demonstrated that 3Cpro and NF-\u03baB interact. The degradation of NF-\u03baB was unaffected by inhibitors targeting lysosomes (NH4Cl), proteasomes (MG132), or caspases (Z-VAD-FMK). The protease activity of 3Cpro, which relies on its catalytic active site, is vital for NF-\u03baB cleavage and degradation. Loss of proteolytic activity in mutants abolished NF-\u03baB degradation, impairing the ability of 3Cpro to suppress SeV-induced innate immunity and restore VSV-GFP replication, thereby underscoring its critical role in immune evasion by targeting NF-\u03baB. This study reveals novel mechanisms underlying PTV-mediated suppression of host innate immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T04:49:52Z","timestamp":1748234992000},"page":"1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Porcine Teschovirus 2 3Cpro Evades Host Antiviral Innate Immunity by Inhibiting the IFN-\u03b2 Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xin-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Min","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1976-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu-Lu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Qing","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.07.031","article-title":"The role of porcine teschovirus in causing diseases in endemically infected pigs","volume":"161","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. 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