{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T19:10:18Z","timestamp":1775848218132,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq, Brazil)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP, Brazil)","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lectins from marine sponges have emerged as promising candidates for antimicrobial strategies, particularly against biofilm-forming pathogens. In this study, we report the purification, biochemical characterization, and antibiofilm properties of a new lectin (AfiL) isolated from Aplysina fistularis. AfiL exhibited typical features of sponge lectins, including a \u03b2-sheet-rich secondary structure and a predominant oligomeric state in solution. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses confirmed that AfiL predominantly exists as a well-defined oligomer at acidic and neutral pH. Sequence analysis revealed similarity to a putative collectin-like protein from sponge Desydea avara. AfiL selectively agglutinated Staphylococcus aureus strains, correlating with its preferential binding to lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The lectin demonstrated significant antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Escherichia coli strains, and exhibited synergistic or additive effects when combined with conventional antibiotics against a Methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed a strong interaction between AfiL and porcine stomach mucin (Kd = 1.71 \u00d7 10\u22126 M), consistent with multivalent carbohydrate recognition. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of AfiL as a novel antibiofilm agent with species-specific modulatory effects on antibiotic activity and provide new insights into the functional versatility of sponge-derived lectins in microbial control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1749559996000},"page":"1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Afil, a Lectin from Aplysina fistularis, Exhibits Antibiofilm and Synergistic Antibacterial Activity Against Resistant Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4218-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Regivanio Nascimento","family":"Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0892-7908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Marcelo de Sousa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica de Assis","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe Lima","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Arthur Sousa","family":"Tabosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoel Ferreira","family":"da Costa Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Sampaio Nogueira","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4925-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Lopes","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Integrado de Biomol\u00e9culas\u2014LIBS, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Monsenhor Furtado, s\/n, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Pinheiro","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biotecnologia Marinha\u2014BioMar-Lab, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Campus do Pici s\/n, bloco 871, Fortaleza 60440-970, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8538-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayron Alves","family":"de Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Integrado de Biomol\u00e9culas\u2014LIBS, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1, Monsenhor Furtado, s\/n, Fortaleza 60430-160, CE, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de Itapipoca (Facedi), Universidade Estadual do Cear\u00e1, Av. da Universidade s\/n, Itapipoca 62500-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-3197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elielton","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Poriferos, Departamento de Zoologia, UFPE\u2014Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. 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