{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:23:12Z","timestamp":1760059392401,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Apoio \u00e0 Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF)","award":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Federal District Research Foundation","award":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01\/2021","01\/2023","88881.933625\/2024-01","MCIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern influenced by antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production systems. In swine, metaphylactic treatments may contribute to the emergence and dissemination of resistance genes. In this study, we isolated bacteria from the nasal cavities of 50 sows across 10 farms in the Federal District, Brazil. A total of 132 bacterial isolates were obtained and tested for phenotypic resistance to 23 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method. Resistance was detected against all tested antimicrobials, with an overall resistance rate of 55.6% (1605\/2888 tests). The highest resistance rates were observed for bacitracin (92.4%) and penicillin (79.2%), while lower resistance rates were found for aminoglycosides. Most isolates exhibited multidrug resistance to 7\u20139 classes of antimicrobials, including strains of Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella\u2014all of which are relevant in the context of One Health. Actinobacillus suis showed the highest resistance levels among all identified species. AMR was positively correlated with both the duration and the number of antimicrobial agents used in feed, reinforcing the need for prudent AMU practices. The use of autogenous vaccines against Pasteurella multocida was associated with reduced lung lesions, underscoring the value of vaccination in disease control. AMR surveillance programs may benefit from including bacterial colonizers from the microbiota, though further studies are necessary to better understand the resistance dynamics of these commensals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T03:44:58Z","timestamp":1749613498000},"page":"1354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nasal Colonizers from Sows in the Federal District of Brazil Showed a Diverse Phenotypic Resistance Profile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3513-2981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana Lana","family":"Rigueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences, Catholic University of Bras\u00edlia, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano Jos\u00e9 Ferreira","family":"de Sant\u2019Ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4883-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno St\u00e9fano Lima","family":"Dallago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00f4mulo Salignac Ara\u00fajo","family":"de Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio Macedo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-2792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pau","family":"Obregon-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3470-6015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat Mixta d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0929-5859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Perecmanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Bras\u00edlia University (UnB), Brasilia 70910-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0002-2017","article-title":"History and current use of antimicrobial drugs in veterinary medicine","volume":"5","author":"Prescott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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