{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:55:18Z","timestamp":1784854518501,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NH), which commonly presents as jaundice, affects approximately 60% of term infants and up to 80% of preterm infants within the first week of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) supplementation combined with phototherapy versus phototherapy alone for the treatment of NH. A systematic search of 11 databases (English, Chinese, and Korean) was conducted from 18 April 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared C. butyricum plus phototherapy with phototherapy alone. Meta-analyses were performed using the mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CIs). Evidence quality was evaluated using the GRADE approach. This review included 20 RCTs of 1054 neonates. Compared to phototherapy alone, C. butyricum supplementation significantly reduced total bilirubin (SMD = \u22121.54, 95% CI: \u22122.21 to \u22120.86), indirect bilirubin (SMD = \u22122.03, 95% CI: \u22122.98 to \u22121.07), and time to jaundice resolution (MD = \u22121.20 days, 95% CI: \u22121.66 to \u22120.75), and was associated with fewer adverse events (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.55) (all p &lt; 0.0001). These findings suggest that C. butyricum may have potential as a supportive adjunct therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251031376).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T08:13:56Z","timestamp":1750407236000},"page":"1441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Clostridium\u00a0butyricum Supplementation Combined with Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7390-1892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13601, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-4088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Yeon","family":"Go","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si 27136, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0366-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Kyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju-si 38066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.14789\/jmj.JMJ21-0044-OA","article-title":"Roles of probiotics in reduction of neonatal jaundice in term newborns","volume":"68","author":"Santosa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Juntendo Iji Zasshi"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31030","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000031030","article-title":"Adjuvant probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 improves phototherapeutic treatment outcomes in neonatal jaundice among full-term newborns: A randomized double-blind clinical study","volume":"101","author":"Tsai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"7459","article-title":"The role of microbiota in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. 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