{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T09:08:32Z","timestamp":1772528912089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project in Qinghai Province","award":["2024ZY011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY011"]}]},{"name":"Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project in Qinghai Province","award":["2025YSKY-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YSKY-39"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","award":["2024ZY011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZY011"]}]},{"name":"Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences","award":["2025YSKY-39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YSKY-39"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The drive towards carbon neutrality has prompted the worldwide expansion of utility-scale solar facilities. Previous studies have reported the positive effects of solar facilities\u2019 installation on pasture productivity and biodiversity in arid regions. However, our understanding of how solar facilities influence a wide range of ecosystem functions simultaneously, and the relative contributions of soil microbial attributes, remains incomplete. To address this gap, we assessed the changes in ecosystem multifunctionality following solar facility installation in an alpine desert grassland in the Qinghai\u2013Tibet plateau by measuring twenty-three ecosystem function indicators comprising primary production, the soil nutrient pool, carbon cycling, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling and oxidation\u2013reduction. Furthermore, we estimated the soil microbial diversity, microbial indicator taxa and microbial activity to identify the primary driving factors. The results showed that solar facilities had positive effects on ecosystem multifunctionality; the positive effect size was higher in the initial installation period (31.4%) than in the constant running period (3.5%). The enhancements in ecosystem multifunctionality were mainly due to enhanced nutrient cycling induced by the increased abundance of fungal indicator taxa and microbial activity. Moreover, the structural equation model revealed distinct regulatory paths between the two periods and a transition in the primary driving factors of ecosystem multifunctionality from microbial indicator taxa to microbial activity. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the positive influence of solar facilities on multiple ecosystem functions, emphasizing the critical role of soil microbial mechanisms in regulating ecosystem multifunctionality. These findings provide valuable insights into soil biota-driven processes that could inform strategies aimed at enhancing soil health and ecosystem functionality in arid grasslands under human-managed systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071464","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T06:49:38Z","timestamp":1750747778000},"page":"1464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ecosystem Multifunctionality Regulated by Soil Microbial Activity and Indicator Taxa Versus Biodiversity for Industrial Solar Facilities on the Qinghai\u2013Tibet Plateau"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Beijing 100012, China"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengxiang","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiemei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Grassland, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Grassland, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanjun","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17506","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-11742-8","article-title":"Effects of photovoltaic panels on soil temperature and moisture in desert areas","volume":"28","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. 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