{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:10Z","timestamp":1760059690646,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas\u2014FAPESPA"},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against equine brucellosis in three distinct equid groups (farm animal, urban carthorse, and sport horse) in Western Par\u00e1, Brazil, and to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study, involving 75 farms across 14 municipalities, sampled 1069 equids composed of urban carthorses and sport horses. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Brucella spp. using the buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) test for screening, followed by the serum agglutination in tubes with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) for confirmation. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed associations between brucellosis and potential risk factors. Out of the 1059 equids sampled, 4.05% (95% CI: 3\u20135.5%) tested positive in the BAPA test. Of the 44 BAPA-positive samples, 11 were confirmed positive by 2-ME, 15 were inconclusive, and 18 were negative, yielding an animal-level prevalence of 1.03% (95% CI: 0.5\u20131.8%) for equine brucellosis in western Par\u00e1. Prevalence was higher in the Southwest Par\u00e1 Mesoregion (p = 0.047) compared to the Lower Amazon Mesoregion. No significant associations were found with animal type, reproductive problems, animal sex, species, breed, and age group. Out of the 75 farms, 8 (10.66%) had at least one seropositive equid. Confirmed cases were identified in five municipalities (Brasil Novo, Uruar\u00e1, Altamira, Rur\u00f3polis, and Itaituba). This first report of equine brucellosis in Western Par\u00e1 underscores the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures to mitigate its zoonotic risk to humans and transmission to other animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T03:54:28Z","timestamp":1751255668000},"page":"1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Antibodies Against Brucellosis in Equids from Western Par\u00e1, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eloine Maria Bandeira","family":"Pican\u00e7o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4208-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Fl\u00e1vio Vieira de","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Society, Nature and Development, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poliana Le\u00e3o","family":"Peleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Beatriz Barbosa de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raimundo Alves","family":"Barr\u00eato J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region, UFERSA, Mossor\u00f3 59625-900, RN, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Francisco de","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto of Biodiversity and Forrest, IBEF, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6784-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kedson Alessandri Lobo","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto of Biodiversity and Forrest, IBEF, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6742-3652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio Humberto Hamad","family":"Minervino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Health, LARSANA, Federal University of Western Par\u00e1, UFOPA, Av. Vera Paz, S\/N, Sal\u00e9, Santar\u00e9m 68040-255, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IBGE (2017). Pesquisa da Pecu\u00e1ria Municipal."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.09.023","article-title":"Prevalence of Antibodies against Toxoplasma Gondii and Neospora spp. in Equids of Western Par\u00e1 Brazil","volume":"189","author":"Moreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2023.104298","article-title":"Equine Brucellosis: Current Understanding and Challenges","volume":"127","author":"Dorneles","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. 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Acad\u00eamica Ci\u00eancia Anim."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/7\/1525\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:01:33Z","timestamp":1760032893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/7\/1525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13071525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13071525","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2607"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}