{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:38:10Z","timestamp":1789497490817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNFIS","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2024-F-0451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2024-F-0451"]}]},{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University and Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara","award":["CNFIS-FDI-2024-F-0451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNFIS-FDI-2024-F-0451"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The oral cavity harbors a highly intricate and dynamic microbial ecosystem of multiple microhabitats supporting diverse microbial populations. As the second most complex microbiome in the human body, surpassed only by the gut, the oral microbiome comprises over 1000 species. Disruptions in the microbial balance have been associated with an increased risk of both oral diseases (dental caries and periodontitis) and systemic conditions, including inflammatory diseases and certain types of cancers. In our pilot study, we purified bacterial DNA from pre-treated, saponin-based, host-depleted saliva samples and performed 16S amplicon sequencing, using Oxford Nanopore Technologies, to identify bacterial composition and investigate changes in the oral microbiota of patients with solid tumors in response to chemotherapy, either alone or in combination with immunotherapy. We found significant reductions in microbial diversity of the oral microbiota following cancer treatment, which may contribute to post-therapeutic complications such as oral mucositis. Moreover, our findings indicate that on the one hand, following chemotherapy treatment the microbial profile is characterized by an increased abundance of Streptococcus, Gemella, and Granulicatella and a decrease in the abundance of Neisseria and Veillonella. On the other hand, post combined treatment, only Streptococcus relative abundance increased, Veillonella exhibited a slight decline, and Haemophilus and Neisseria displayed a marked decrease, whilst Granulicatella and Gemella remained relatively stable. Our findings underline the impact of cancer therapy on the oral microbiome, highlighting the potential for precision-based strategies to restore microbial balance and minimize treatment-related complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T04:07:17Z","timestamp":1751515637000},"page":"1565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Chemotherapy Alone and in Combination with Immunotherapy on Oral Microbiota in Cancer Patients\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Padure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Oro-Dental Diagnosis and Ergonomics, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana Cristina","family":"Talpos-Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Oro-Dental Diagnosis and Ergonomics, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Diana","family":"Ciordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Biochemistry Discipline, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Complex Network Science, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7848-1786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirabela","family":"Romanescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Biochemistry Discipline, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Complex Network Science, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee Rodica","family":"Chis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Discipline, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Complex Network Science, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-4705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura-Cristina","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Oral Pathology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1618-9656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan Ovidiu","family":"Sirbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Discipline, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Complex Network Science, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","article-title":"The oral microbiota: Dynamic communities and host interactions","volume":"16","author":"Lamont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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