{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:30:44Z","timestamp":1784302244487,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFE0114500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFE0114500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zoonotic opportunistic enteric protozoa represent a significant global health threat to immunocompromised populations, especially individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Despite China\u2019s severe HIV burden, molecular epidemiological data on enteric protozoa remain limited in this population. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium species, Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi among 150 AIDS patients with severe immunodeficiency in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China. The overall test-positive rate was 5.33% (8\/150), comprising Cryptosporidium species (including C. hominis, C. parvum, and C. meleagridis) in 2.00% (3\/150) and G. duodenalis (including assemblage A, B, and E) in 3.33% (5\/150); E. bieneusi was not detected. Notably, this study reports the first identification of the C. parvum subtype IIcA5G3 in humans in China, certainly indicating possible cross-border transmission. Furthermore, the detection of C. meleagridis IIIbA22G1R1c provided additional molecular evidence for chicken-to-human transmission. The finding of G. duodenalis assemblage E highlights the underrecognized zoonotic spillover risks to immunocompromised populations. These findings emphasize the diversity of infectious reservoirs, and the need for enhanced national molecular surveillance of these neglected zoonotic enteric protozoa, alongside targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T14:11:44Z","timestamp":1753366304000},"page":"1731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emergence of Cryptosporidium parvum IIc Subtype and Giardia duodenalis Assemblage E in AIDS Patients in Central China: Evidence for Neglected Transmission Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2450-0167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuolin","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Joint Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Health, Wuhan Institute of Virology and Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixi","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jigang","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3888-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31874-3","article-title":"The international AIDS society-Lancet commission on the future of the HIV response and global health","volume":"390","author":"Beyrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, May 30). 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