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This can potentially cause changes in the bacterial composition of the gut microbiome and affect testis functionality and male sexual health. Mice of the C57Bl\/6 line were used. Sexual behavior was assessed using physiological tests, and gene expression patterns were assessed by qPCR. High-throughput sequencing of mouse fecal microbiota was performed. We showed that long-term administration of Mildronate has no significant effect on the intestinal microbiome, and there was a compensatory increase in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid and leptin metabolism. No impairment of sexual motivation in male mice was observed. Prolonged L-carnitine supplementation caused a decrease in alpha diversity of bacteria and a decrease in some groups of microorganisms that are components of a healthy gut microflora. A correlation was observed between the level of bacteria from Firmicutes phylum, indicators of sexual motivation of mice, and the dynamics of body weight gain. Our results may indicate that metabolic modulators can have a significant impact on the structure of the bacterial community of the gut microbiome, which may influence male sexual health through the gut\u2013semen axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:57:24Z","timestamp":1753689444000},"page":"1751","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Changes in L-Carnitine Metabolism Affect the Gut Microbiome and Influence Sexual Behavior Through the Gut\u2013Testis Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6743-3766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Babenkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Gureev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Sadovnikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-0845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna","family":"Burakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7924-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Pogorelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Morozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Gribovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianna","family":"Adzhemian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Syromyatnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036 Voronezh, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateus, F.G., Moreira, S., Martins, A.D., Oliveira, P.F., Alves, M.G., and de Lourdes Pereira, M. 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