{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:00:36Z","timestamp":1785265236368,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"VICTOR BABES UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY TIMISOARA"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains a major global health issue, with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) extending life expectancy but also increasing age-related issues like osteopenia and osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study examines bone mineral density (BMD) and related risk factors in Romanian HIV-positive patients, emphasizing regional and therapy influences. The patients varying in HIV infection duration underwent DXA scanning to measure BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total femur. A high prevalence of low BMD, especially in the lumbar spine, was identified along with significant associations between reduced BMD and factors such as smoking, alcohol use, vitamin D deficiency and serum phosphorus levels. ART like Protease Inhibitors and Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors were linked to increased bone loss, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of osteoporosis in HIV-infected individuals and underscore the importance of regular BMD assessments, lifestyle adjustments, and careful management of antiretroviral therapy to minimize fracture risk and enhance overall health and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T16:16:10Z","timestamp":1753805770000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Related Factors in Romanian HIV-Positive Patients Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ioana-Melinda","family":"Luput-Andrica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adelina-Raluca","family":"Marinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6567-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talida Georgiana","family":"Cut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Ethics in Human Genetic Identification, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Herlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucian-Flavius","family":"Herlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andra-Elena","family":"Saizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Laza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1018-2966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca","family":"Lustrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational Sciences, University Clinic of Therapies and Psycho-Pedagogical Counseling, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea-Cristina","family":"Floruncut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Chisalita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcisa","family":"Nicolescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian Iulian","family":"Oancea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Pneumology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases (CRIPMRD), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Manolescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XV, Discipline of Radiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2136-5493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romanita","family":"Jumanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Romanian and Foreign Languages Department, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela-Ica","family":"Rosoha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Voichita Elena","family":"Lazureanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department XIII, Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, E. Murgu Square, Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00219-X","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Burdens of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 10\u201324 Years from 1990 to 2019: A Trend Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, March 25). Global HIV Programme\u2014HIV Data and Statistics\u2014Global Data. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/resources\/fact-sheet#:~:text=Global%20HIV%20statistics,AIDS%2Drelated%20illnesses%20in%202023."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2025, March 25). The Global Impact of HIV & AIDS\u2014Global Statistics. 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