{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:44:55Z","timestamp":1789184695066,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Italy (Rome)","award":["IZS PB RC 05\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZS PB RC 05\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The spread of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) strains in food poses a potential risk to human health. The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of ESBL-PE and to investigate their distribution on foods. Methods: A total of 1000 food samples, including both raw and ready-to-eat products, was analyzed for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae using chromogenic selective agar. Antibiotic resistance in the isolated strains was assessed using conventional methods, while whole-genome sequencing was employed to predict antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes. Results: The overall occurrence of ESBL-PE strains was 2.8%, with the highest contamination in raw meat samples (10%). A total of 31 multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was isolated, mainly Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Enterobacter hormaechei. All strains exhibited high levels of resistance to at least four different \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, as well as to other antimicrobial classes including sulfonamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. Whole-genome sequencing identified 63 antimicrobial resistance genes, with blaCTX-M being the most prevalent ESBL gene. Twenty-eight (90%) isolates carried Inc plasmids, known vectors of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those associated with ESBLs. Furthermore, several virulence genes were identified. Conclusions: The contamination of food with ESBL-PE represents a potential public health risk, underscoring the importance of the implementation of genomic surveillance to monitor and control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T16:16:10Z","timestamp":1753805770000},"page":"1770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Isolation of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Food of Animal and Plant Origin: Genomic Analysis and Implications for Food Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9261-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Fraccalvieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8688-9530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Castellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6156-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelica","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Maria","family":"Difato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"Capozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Del Sambro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-2150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelia","family":"Donatiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4300-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tempesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Strada per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lay, K.K., Jeamsripong, S., Sunn, K.P., Angkititrakul, S., Prathan, R., Srisanga, S., and Chuanchuen, R. 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