{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:01:58Z","timestamp":1791237718187,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":214,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal diseases in pediatric subjects represent a challenging and relatively underexplored area compared to the extensive data available about periodontal diseases in adults. The present narrative review aims to explore the periodontal status and the related subgingival and\/or salivary microbial profiles in pediatric subjects (\u226418 years), focusing also on the state of health or systemic diseases. In healthy periodontium, early colonizers, such as Streptococcus and Actinomyces spp., dominate the subgingival microbiota, supporting an eubiosis state. Low levels of Candida albicans and latent Herpesviridae may be detected. In gingivitis, the microbial profile shifts towards more pathogenic species, including Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In necrotizing gingivitis, typically affecting systemically compromised children, the microbial profile is characterized by spirochetes, Fusobacterium, and Prevotella intermedia. Viral coinfections\u2014especially with HSV, CMV, and EBV\u2014are more frequently detected. In periodontitis, the microbiota was dominated by red complex pathogens along with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the aggressive forms, especially in systemically compromised children, as Herpesviridae reactivation and co-infections. Fungal involvement is less well characterized; Candida albicans may be present, particularly in cases of severe immune suppression. Nevertheless, the lack of pediatric longitudinal studies investigating periodontal disease progression after periodontal treatment and related changes in microbiological composition limited the understanding and exploration of the oral microbiota over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T09:41:17Z","timestamp":1754300477000},"page":"1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Periodontal Microbial Profiles Across Periodontal Conditions in Pediatric Subjects: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5458-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Spirito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5443-8185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Di Palo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6834-2142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"De Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Piedepalumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3744-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marzio","family":"Galdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Cannat\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Caf\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Contaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"594","article-title":"The Periodontal Disease Classification System of the American Academy of Periodontology\u2014An Update","volume":"66","author":"Wiebe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Can. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374910050010201","article-title":"Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Ranney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus Report of Workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12935","article-title":"A New Classification Scheme for Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases and Conditions\u2014Introduction and Key Changes from the 1999 Classification","volume":"45","author":"Caton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0006","article-title":"Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition","volume":"89","author":"Tonetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerhard, N., Thurnheer, T., Kreutzer, S., Gm\u00fcr, R.D., Attin, T., Russo, G., and Karygianni, L. (2021). Necrotizing Gingivitis: Microbial Diversity and Quantification of Protein Secretion in Necrotizing Gingivitis. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10101197"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12022","article-title":"Acute Periodontal Lesions","volume":"65","author":"Herrera","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S183","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0480","article-title":"Manifestations of Systemic Diseases and Conditions That Affect the Periodontal Attachment Apparatus: Case Definitions and Diagnostic Considerations","volume":"89","author":"Albandar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40496-024-00363-6","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship Between Oral Health and Down Syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Botero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Oral Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-77572016-0196","article-title":"Microbiological, Lipid and Immunological Profiles in Children with Gingivitis and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Duque","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1","article-title":"Development of a Classification System for Periodontal Diseases and Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Armitage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2000.035001017.x","article-title":"Herpesviruses in Localized Juvenile Periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Ting","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00308.x","article-title":"Herpesviral-Bacterial Interactions in Periodontal Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Slots","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinde, B. (2013). Herpesviruses: Latency and Reactivation\u2014Viral Strategies and Host Response. J. Oral Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v5i0.22766"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The Keystone-Pathogen Hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12969-019-0387-5","article-title":"Oral Health and Plaque Microbial Profile in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Grevich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/151638","article-title":"Prevalence of high blood pressure in periodontal patients: A pilot study","volume":"60","author":"Lanau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Pisano, M., Di Palo, M.P., De Benedetto, G., Rizki, I., Franci, G., and Amato, M. (2025). Periodontal Status and Herpesiviridae, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis of Systemically Compromised Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review. Children, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12030375"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2017.12.002","article-title":"Recogida, Transporte y Procesamiento General de Las Muestras En El Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda","volume":"37","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2007.00375.x","article-title":"Multivariate Analyses in Microbial Ecology","volume":"62","author":"Ramette","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Pisano, M., Caggiano, M., De Benedetto, G., Di Palo, M.P., Franci, G., and Amato, M. (2024). Human Herpesviruses, Bacteria, and Fungi in Gingivitis and Periodontitis Pediatric Subjects: A Systematic Review. Children, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/children12010039"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang, E., Oh, S., Ju, U., Chang, H.E., Hong, J.-S., Baek, H.-J., Kim, K.-S., Lee, H.-J., and Park, K.U. (2023). Factors Influencing Oral Microbiome Analysis: From Saliva Sampling Methods to next-Generation Sequencing Platforms. Sci. Rep., 13.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37246-2"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0410","article-title":"Aggressive Periodontitis in Southwestern American Indian Adolescents","volume":"95","author":"Rams","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.3.376","article-title":"Herpesviruses and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Trisomy 21 Periodontitis","volume":"71","author":"Hanookai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000300007","article-title":"Lack of Association Between Herpesvirus Detection in Saliva and Gingivitis in Hiv-Infected Children","volume":"57","author":"Otero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1998.tb00700.x","article-title":"Active Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Periodontitis","volume":"13","author":"Contreras","year":"1998","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2006.00250.x","article-title":"Detection and Quantification of Herpesviruses in Kostmann Syndrome Periodontitis Using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Case Report","volume":"21","author":"Yildirim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12151","article-title":"Molecular Microbiological Evaluation of Subgingival Biofilm Sampling by Paper Point and Curette","volume":"122","author":"Belibasakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Giordano, F., Di Palo, M.P., D\u2019Ambrosio, F., Scognamiglio, B., Sangiovanni, G., Caggiano, M., and Gasparro, R. (2024). Microbiota of Peri-Implant Healthy Tissues, Peri-Implant Mucositis, and Peri-Implantitis: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12061137"},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) (2016). International Ethical Guidelines for Health-Related Research Involving Humans, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS). [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0041-0","article-title":"Culturing the Human Microbiota and Culturomics","volume":"16","author":"Lagier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5002","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00542-10","article-title":"The Human Oral Microbiome","volume":"192","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x","article-title":"Periodontal Microbial Ecology","volume":"38","author":"Socransky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12010","article-title":"Lessons Learned and Unlearned in Periodontal Microbiology","volume":"62","author":"Teles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2853","article-title":"Going Viral: Next-Generation Sequencing Applied to Phage Populations in the Human Gut","volume":"10","author":"Reyes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3935","article-title":"Shotgun Metagenomics, from Sampling to Analysis","volume":"35","author":"Quince","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.02.010","article-title":"The Oralome and Its Dysbiosis: New Insights into Oral Microbiome-Host Interactions","volume":"19","author":"Radaic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12899","article-title":"Biodiversity of the Human Oral Mycobiome in Health and Disease","volume":"25","author":"Bandara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota: Dynamic Communities and Host Interactions","volume":"16","author":"Lamont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"393","article-title":"Herpesvirus Periodontitis: Infection Beyond Biofilm","volume":"39","author":"Slots","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Calif. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","article-title":"Microbial Complexes in Subgingival Plaque","volume":"25","author":"Socransky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.2.5.16140","article-title":"Bacterial Interactions in Dental Biofilm","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13793","article-title":"Subgingival Microbiome in Periodontal Health, Gingivitis and Different Stages of Periodontitis","volume":"50","author":"Iniesta","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2014.05.003","article-title":"The Influence of Oral Veillonella Species on Biofilms Formed by Streptococcus Species","volume":"28","author":"Mashima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.2.194","article-title":"Capnocytophaga Spp. in Periodontitis Patients Manifesting Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"76","author":"Ciantar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x","article-title":"Beyond the Red Complex and into More Complexity: The Polymicrobial Synergy and Dysbiosis (PSD) Model of Periodontal Disease Etiology","volume":"27","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00350.x","article-title":"Microbial Shift and Periodontitis","volume":"55","author":"Berezow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02496-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02496-21","article-title":"The Interplay between the Host Microbiome and Pathogenic Viral Infections","volume":"12","author":"Elena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messina, B.M., Grippaudo, C., Polizzi, A., Blasi, A., and Isola, G. (2025). The Key Role of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis Linked with Systemic Diseases. Appl. Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/app15126847"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00345.x","article-title":"Virulence Factors of Treponema Denticola","volume":"54","author":"Ishihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104193","article-title":"Oral Spirochetes: Pathogenic Mechanisms in Periodontal Disease","volume":"144","author":"Yousefi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larsson, S.C., and Burgess, S. (2022). Appraising the Causal Role of Smoking in Multiple Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Studies. EBioMedicine, 82.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104154"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"229","article-title":"Membrane-Associated Interleukin-1 on Macrophages Stimulated with Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans Lipopolysaccharide Induces Osteoclastic Bone Resorption in Vivo","volume":"81","author":"Nishihara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cytobios"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1590\/1679-775720130252","article-title":"Leukotoxicity of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans in Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis in Brazilians and Their Family Members","volume":"21","author":"Silveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12404","article-title":"Human and Herpesvirus MicroRNAs in Periodontal Disease","volume":"87","author":"Naqvi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.11.006","article-title":"The Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease","volume":"69","author":"Wade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00109.x","article-title":"Herpesviruses in Periodontal Diseases","volume":"38","author":"Slots","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.6.502","article-title":"Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus in Gingival Tissue","volume":"63","author":"Amit","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12311","article-title":"Herpesvirus-bacteria Synergistic Interaction in Periodontitis","volume":"82","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2007.070252","article-title":"Subgingival Human Cytomegalovirus Correlates with Increased Clinical Periodontal Parameters and Bacterial Coinfection in Periodontitis","volume":"78","author":"Botero","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00728.x","article-title":"Herpesviral\u2013Bacterial Interrelationships in Aggressive Periodontitis","volume":"39","author":"Saygun","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000335","article-title":"Herpesviridae Infection: Prevention, Screening, and Management","volume":"61","author":"SUBRAMANIAM","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00374-07","article-title":"Correlation between infections with different genotypes of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in subgingival samples and periodontal status of patients","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.25.2.p255673211764073","article-title":"Oral Manifestations of Infections Due to Varicella Zoster Virus in Otherwise Healthy Children","volume":"25","author":"Kolokotronis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201819666220418104042","article-title":"Oral Candidiasis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Antifungals, Phytotherapy, Probiotics, and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"20","author":"Contaldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contaldo, M., Santoro, R., Romano, A., Loffredo, F., Di Stasio, D., Della Vella, F., Scivetti, M., Petruzzi, M., Serpico, R., and Lucchese, A. (2021). Oral Manifestations in Children and Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125408"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1002\/cre2.635","article-title":"Candida Species Detection in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Slazhneva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14422","article-title":"Oral Candida and Psoriasis: Is There Association? A Systematic Review and Trial Sequential Analysis","volume":"29","author":"Patini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105138","article-title":"Candida Species in Periodontitis: A New Villain or a New Target?","volume":"148","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13023","article-title":"The Severity of Human Peri-implantitis Lesions Correlates with the Level of Submucosal Microbial Dysbiosis","volume":"45","author":"Fickl","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bachtiar, E.W., Bachtiar, B.M., Jarosz, L.M., Amir, L.R., Sunarto, H., Ganin, H., Meijler, M.M., and Krom, B.P. (2014). AI-2 of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans Inhibits Candida Albicans Biofilm Formation. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00094"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabri, B., Iken, M., Ait- Ou-amar, S., Rida, S., Bouziane, A., and Ennibi, O.K. (2022). Candida Albicans and Candida Dubliniensis in Periodontitis in Adolescents and Young Adults. Int. J. Microbiol., 2022.","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4625368"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amato, M., Di Spirito, F., D\u2019Ambrosio, F., Boccia, G., Moccia, G., and De Caro, F. (2022). Probiotics in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Management: Biofilm Control, Dysbiosis Reversal, and Host Modulation. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10112289"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12940","article-title":"Periodontal Health and Gingival Diseases and Conditions on an Intact and a Reduced Periodontium: Consensus Report of Workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Chapple","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghannoum, M.A., Jurevic, R.J., Mukherjee, P.K., Cui, F., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., and Gillevet, P.M. (2010). Characterization of the Oral Fungal Microbiome (Mycobiome) in Healthy Individuals. PLoS Pathog., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000713"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.01.012","article-title":"Microbial Communities and Functional Genes in Periodontitis and Healthy Controls","volume":"74","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12451","article-title":"Human Neutrophils and Oral Microbiota: A Constant Tug-of-war between a Harmonious and a Discordant Coexistence","volume":"273","author":"Uriarte","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zannella, C., Shinde, S., Vitiello, M., Falanga, A., Galdiero, E., Fahmi, A., Santella, B., Nucci, L., Gasparro, R., and Galdiero, M. (2020). Antibacterial Activity of Indolicidin-Coated Silver Nanoparticles in Oral Disease. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10051837"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12557","article-title":"Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Cytokines\/Chemokines in Chronic Periodontitis: A Meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Stadler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1712718","article-title":"Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Ramadan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12538","article-title":"Host-derived Salivary Biomarkers in Diagnosing Periodontal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Acevedo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faria Carrada, C., Almeida Ribeiro Scalioni, F., Evangelista Cesar, D., Lopes Devito, K., Ribeiro, L.C., and Almeida Ribeiro, R. (2016). Salivary Periodontopathic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162988"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinon, P., Fraticelli, L., Giboreau, A., Dussart, C., Bourgeois, D., and Carrouel, F. (2021). Nutrition as a Key Modifiable Factor for Periodontitis and Main Chronic Diseases. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020197"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.12.1789","article-title":"Periodontal Health, Salivary Status, and Metabolic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"74","author":"Aren","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12472","article-title":"The Microbiome\u2013Systemic Diseases Connection","volume":"22","author":"Harmsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-016-0854-1","article-title":"The Oral Microbiome of Children: Development, Disease, and Implications Beyond Oral Health","volume":"73","author":"Gomez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03706-6","article-title":"Salivary MRP-8\/14 and the Presence of Periodontitis-Associated Bacteria in Children with Bonded Maxillary Expansion Treatment","volume":"25","author":"Nemec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.09.008","article-title":"Oral Biofilms: Pathogens, Matrix, and Polymicrobial Interactions in Microenvironments","volume":"26","author":"Bowen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.64.4.847-867.2000","article-title":"Microbial Biofilms: From Ecology to Molecular Genetics","volume":"64","author":"Davey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12209","article-title":"Progression of Attachment Loss Is Strongly Associated with Presence of the JP2 Genotype of Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: A Prospective Cohort Study of a Young Adolescent Population","volume":"41","author":"Kwamin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"256","article-title":"Periodontitis in the Developmental Age: Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment. A Narrative Review","volume":"3","author":"Ludovichetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interv. Pediatr. Dent. Open Access J."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crielaard, W., Zaura, E., Schuller, A.A., Huse, S.M., Montijn, R.C., and Keijser, B.J.F. (2011). Exploring the Oral Microbiota of Children at Various Developmental Stages of Their Dentition in the Relation to Their Oral Health. BMC Med. Genom., 4.","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-8794-4-22"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0204-z","article-title":"Oral Microbiome Development during Childhood: An Ecological Succession Influenced by Postnatal Factors and Associated with Tooth Decay","volume":"12","author":"Dzidic","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Velsko, I.M., Fellows Yates, J.A., Aron, F., Hagan, R.W., Frantz, L.A.F., Loe, L., Martinez, J.B.R., Chaves, E., Gosden, C., and Larson, G. (2019). Microbial Differences between Dental Plaque and Historic Dental Calculus Are Related to Oral Biofilm Maturation Stage. Microbiome, 7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-019-0717-3"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, Y., and Han, X. (2020). Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Immune Regulatory Lymphocytes in Periodontal Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093329"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, X., Jiang, W., Wang, S., Xu, L., Tu, Y., Zheng, P., Wang, Y., and Lin, X. (2017). Profiling of Oral Microbiota in Early Childhood Caries Using Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02244"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12396","article-title":"The Human Oral Virome: Shedding Light on the Dark Matter","volume":"87","author":"Kuraji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2011.169","article-title":"Evidence of a Robust Resident Bacteriophage Population Revealed through Analysis of the Human Salivary Virome","volume":"6","author":"Pride","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2012.00448.x","article-title":"Biology and Pathogenesis of Cytomegalovirus in Periodontal Disease","volume":"64","author":"Contreras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contaldo, M., Lucchese, A., Lajolo, C., Rupe, C., Di Stasio, D., Romano, A., Petruzzi, M., and Serpico, R. (2021). The Oral Microbiota Changes in Orthodontic Patients and Effects on Oral Health: An Overview. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040780"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Ma, Y., Xie, X., Wang, H., Li, X., Fang, D., and Bai, Y. (2023). Candida albicans Enriched in Orthodontic Derived White Spot Lesions and Shaped Focal Supragingival Bacteriome. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1084850"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e310","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.62519","article-title":"Association Between Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Periodontal Inflammatory Parameters: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Melo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Dent."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"63","article-title":"Association between Candida Species and Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"6","author":"Sethuraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1997.tb00389.x","article-title":"Human Herpesviridae in Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis in Children in Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Contreras","year":"1997","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"309","article-title":"Subgingival Periodontal Pathogens in Down Syndrome Children without Periodontal Breakdown. A Case-Control Study on Deciduous Teeth","volume":"22","author":"Vocale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.09.005","article-title":"Salivary Detection of Periodontopathic Bacteria in Fanconi\u2019s Anemia Patients","volume":"24","author":"Lyko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.5114\/pedm.2021.104343","article-title":"Oral Microbiota in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"27","author":"Mertas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2020.02.006","article-title":"Herpesvirus Infections Potentiated by Biologics","volume":"34","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2018.1459571","article-title":"Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Infection and Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Nobre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002002","article-title":"Increase in HSV Shedding at Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy and Decrease in Shedding over Time on Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV and HSV-2 Infected Persons","volume":"32","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nastri, B.M., Pagliano, P., Zannella, C., Folliero, V., Masullo, A., Rinaldi, L., Galdiero, M., and Franci, G. (2023). HIV and Drug-Resistant Subtypes. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010221"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00653-07","article-title":"Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans and Its Relationship to Initiation of Localized Aggressive Periodontitis: Longitudinal Cohort Study of Initially Healthy Adolescents","volume":"45","author":"Fine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05762","article-title":"Herpesvirus Latency Confers SyMbiotic Protection from Bacterial Infection","volume":"447","author":"Barton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12356","article-title":"Impact of Systemic Factors in Shaping the Periodontal Microbiome","volume":"85","author":"Teles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106502","article-title":"Effect of Antibiotics on the Human Microbiome: A Systematic Review","volume":"59","author":"Matukane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, X., Xu, J., Li, S., Wang, X., Liu, J., and Li, X. (2022). The Prevalence of Gingivitis and Related Risk Factors in Schoolchildren Aged 6\u201312 Years Old. BMC Oral Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02670-9"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12939","article-title":"Plaque-induced Gingivitis: Case Definition and Diagnostic Considerations","volume":"45","author":"Trombelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13883","article-title":"Microbiomes in Supragingival Biofilms and Saliva of Adolescents with Gingivitis and Gingival Health","volume":"28","author":"Wirth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., D\u2019Ambrosio, F., Cannat\u00e0, D., D\u2019Ant\u00f2, V., Giordano, F., and Martina, S. (2023). Impact of Clear Aligners versus Fixed Appliances on Periodontal Status of Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Healthcare, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11091340"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0095","article-title":"Dental Plaque\u2013Induced Gingival Conditions","volume":"89","author":"Murakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2002.290504.x","article-title":"Periodontal Diseases in the Child and Adolescent","volume":"29","author":"Oh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_122","first-page":"850674","article-title":"Common Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents","volume":"2014","author":"Riba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, W., Liu, C., Zhang, Y., Yang, Z., Li, J., and Huang, S. (2021). Epidemiology and Associated Factors of Gingivitis in Adolescents in Guangdong Province, Southern China: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Oral Health, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01666-1"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12385","article-title":"Epidemiology of Gingivitis in Schoolchildren in Bucharest, Romania: A Cross-sectional Study","volume":"52","author":"Funieru","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"4","article-title":"Distribution of Plaque and Gingivitis and Associated Factors in 3- to 5-Year-Old Brazilian Children","volume":"73","author":"Feldens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dent. Child."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1989.tb01674.x","article-title":"Gingival Health and Gingivitis Development during Puberty","volume":"16","author":"Mombelli","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"4501","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological diagnosis of plaque-induced gingivitis in children and adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Tankova","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. IMAB\u2014Annu. Proceeding (Sci. Pap.)"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1080\/13102818.2019.1604156","article-title":"Quantity, Diversity and Complexity of Subgingival Microorganisms in Children with Plaque-Induced Gingivitis","volume":"33","author":"Mitova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2008.00493.x","article-title":"The Microbiota on Different Oral Surfaces in Healthy Children","volume":"24","author":"Papaioannou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.23-0632","article-title":"Salivary Microbiome and MRP-8\/14 Levels in Children with Gingivitis, Healthy Children, and Their Mothers","volume":"95","author":"Blufstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Ma, Y., Gao, H., Xie, X., Wang, H., Li, X., and Bai, Y. (2024). Supragingival Microbiome Variations and the Influence of Candida Albicans in Adolescent Orthodontic Patients with Gingivitis. J. Oral Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2366056"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmw005","article-title":"Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases in Children: A Literature Review and Adjustment of Treatment","volume":"62","author":"Marty","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/159490","article-title":"Potential barriers to the rational antibiotic use in dental and periodontal practice: A questionnaire-based online survey","volume":"61","author":"Aytac","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. Med. Probl."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153074","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/153074","article-title":"Periodontal Disease and Its Systemic Associated Diseases","volume":"2015","author":"Barrionuevo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S78","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12941","article-title":"Acute Periodontal Lesions (Periodontal Abscesses and Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases) and Endo-periodontal Lesions","volume":"45","author":"Herrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yokoe, S., Hasuike, A., Watanabe, N., Tanaka, H., Karahashi, H., Wakuda, S., Takeichi, O., Kawato, T., Takai, H., and Ogata, Y. (2022). Epstein-Barr Virus Promotes the Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Gingival Fibroblasts and RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation in RAW264.7 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020809"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05789-x","article-title":"Cytokine Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Their Association with Periodontal Status of down Syndrome Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"28","author":"Mouchrek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25002","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25002","article-title":"Periodontal Disease in down Syndrome: Predisposing Factors and Potential non-surgical Therapeutic Approaches","volume":"38","author":"Ghaffarpour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Anal."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2018.3490","article-title":"Hydroa Vacciniforme: A Distinctive Form of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders","volume":"29","author":"Iwatsuki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Pantaleo, G., Di Palo, M.P., Amato, A., Raimondo, A., and Amato, M. (2023). Oral Human Papillomavirus Benign Lesions and HPV-Related Cancer in Healthy Children: A Systematic Review. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041096"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00325.x","article-title":"Human Viruses in Periodontitis","volume":"53","author":"Slots","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.2003.00220.x","article-title":"HHV-6, HHV-7, HHV-8 in Gingival Biopsies from Chronic Adult Periodontitis Patients","volume":"30","author":"Cassai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"332","article-title":"Periodontology Part 4: Periodontal Disease in Children and Adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Marchetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"376","article-title":"Prevalence of Dental Anomalies in a Sample of Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Study","volume":"46","author":"Scelza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wirth, R., Pap, B., Mar\u00f3ti, G., V\u00e1lyi, P., Koml\u00f3si, L., Barta, N., Strang, O., Min\u00e1rovits, J., and Kov\u00e1cs, K.L. (2021). Toward Personalized Oral Diagnosis: Distinct Microbiome Clusters in Periodontitis Biofilms. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.747814"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miguel, M.M.V., and Shaddox, L.M. (2024). Grade C Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis in Young Adults: What Have We Learned So Far?. Pathogens, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070580"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2007.01053.x","article-title":"Effects of Cytomegalovirus Infection on the MRNA Expression of Collagens and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Gingival Fibroblasts","volume":"43","author":"Botero","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maulani, C., Auerkari, E.I., Masulili, S.L.C., Soeroso, Y., Djoko Santoso, W., and Kusdhany, L.S. (2021). Association between Epstein-Barr Virus and Periodontitis: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258109"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5980","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005980","article-title":"Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Is Associated with Periodontal Diseases","volume":"96","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirchner, F.R., Littringer, K., Altmeier, S., Tran, V.D.T., Sch\u00f6nherr, F., Lemberg, C., Pagni, M., Sanglard, D., Joller, N., and LeibundGut-Landmann, S. (2019). Persistence of Candida Albicans in the Oral Mucosa Induces a Curbed Inflammatory Host Response That Is Independent of Immunosuppression. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00330"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudhakara, P., Gupta, A., Bhardwaj, A., and Wilson, A. (2018). Oral Dysbiotic Communities and Their Implications in Systemic Diseases. Dent. J., 6.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201803.0170.v1"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.09.18","article-title":"The Gingipains: Scissors and Glue of the Periodontal Pathogen, Porphyromonas Gingivalis","volume":"4","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03787-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03787-21","article-title":"Proteolytic Activity-Independent Activation of the Immune Response by Gingipains from Porphyromonas Gingivalis","volume":"13","author":"Ciaston","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Shi, T., Li, Y., Huang, L., and Yin, D. (2022). Fusobacterium Nucleatum: The Opportunistic Pathogen of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.860149"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.06.003","article-title":"DOCK8 Deficiency: Insights into Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management","volume":"181","author":"Biggs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050191","article-title":"Periodontal Disease in Patients From the Original Kostmann Family With Severe Congenital Neutropenia","volume":"77","author":"Carlsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12171","article-title":"Nucleases from Prevotella Intermedia Can Degrade Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","volume":"32","author":"Doke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2010.00353.x","article-title":"Comparison of the Clinical Features of Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis","volume":"53","author":"Armitage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12629","article-title":"Periodontal Status of Individuals with Down Syndrome: Sociodemographic, Behavioural and Family Perception Influence","volume":"63","author":"Nuernberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535321","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/535321","article-title":"Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis and Its Treatment Options: Case Reports and Review of the Literature","volume":"2012","author":"Roshna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep. Med."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-020-0994-2","article-title":"FLAG-Sequential Regimen Followed by Bone Marrow Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Leukemia in Patients with Fanconi Anemia: A Franco-Brazilian Study","volume":"56","author":"Debureaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2022000393","article-title":"Modern Management of Fanconi Anemia","volume":"2022","author":"Dufour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.05.013","article-title":"The Effect of Glycemic Control on Candida Colonization of the Tongue and the Subgingival Plaque in Patients with Type II Diabetes and Periodontitis","volume":"116","author":"Hammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2023.12.002","article-title":"The Bidirectional Association between Diabetes and Periodontitis, from Basic to Clinical","volume":"60","author":"Shinjo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01256.x","article-title":"Innovations in Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology","volume":"35","author":"Sanz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905506","article-title":"Combined Immunodeficiency Associated with DOCK8 Mutations","volume":"361","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.12.003","article-title":"A 17-Year Old Patient with DOCK8 Deficiency, Severe Oral HSV-1 and Aggressive Periodontitis\u2014A Case of Virally Induced Periodontitis?","volume":"63","author":"Betts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0913","article-title":"Hydroa Vacciniforme with Mucosal Involvement and Recalcitrant Periodontitis and Multiple Virus Re-Activators after Sun-Exposure","volume":"90","author":"Satoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260910.x","article-title":"Microbiological Features of Papillon-Lef\u00e8vre Syndrome Periodontitis","volume":"26","author":"Velazco","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.11.1601","article-title":"Aggressive Periodontitis Associated With Fanconi\u2019s Anemia. A Case Report","volume":"72","author":"Nowzari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518805739","article-title":"The Oral Microbiota Is Modified by Systemic Diseases","volume":"98","author":"Graves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georges, F.M., Do, N.T., and Seleem, D. (2022). Oral Dysbiosis and Systemic Diseases. Front. Dent. Med., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2022.995423"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.3390\/microbiolres14040127","article-title":"The Interaction between the Oral Microbiome and Systemic Diseases: A Narrative Review","volume":"14","author":"Pisano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12059","article-title":"A Review of the Evidence for Pathogenic Mechanisms That May Link Periodontitis and Diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"11093","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of salivary inflammatory biomarkers of developmental gingival enlargements in patients with West and Noonan syndromes: A preliminary pilot single-center retrospective study","volume":"27","author":"Guglielmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12424","article-title":"Periodontal Connection with Intestinal Inflammation: Microbiological and Immunological Mechanisms","volume":"89","author":"Kitamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaakoush, N.O., and Mitchell, H.M. (2012). Campylobacter Concisus\u2014A New Player in Intestinal Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 2.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00004"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13276","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13276","article-title":"Clinical, Immunological and Molecular Findings of Patients with DOCK-8 Deficiency from India","volume":"98","author":"Gowri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12723","article-title":"Insights into Immunity from Clinical and Basic Science Studies of DOCK8 Immunodeficiency Syndrome","volume":"287","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamiya, H., Abe, M., Nagase, T., and Mitani, A. (2023). The Link. between Periodontal Disease and Asthma: How Do These Two Diseases Affect. Each Other?. J. Clin. Med., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216747"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00841.x","article-title":"Gingival IgE and Histamine Concentrations in Patients with Asthma and in Patients with Periodontitis","volume":"11","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12241","article-title":"Periodontal Herpesvirus Morbidity and Treatment","volume":"79","author":"Slots","year":"2019","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Mohler, J., Mahajan, S.D., Schwartz, S.A., Bruggemann, L., and Aalinkeel, R. (2023). Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms, 11, Erratum in: Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms12101961.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101961"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lettieri, G.M., Santiago, L.M., Lettieri, G.C., Borges, L.G.d.A., Marconatto, L., de Oliveira, L.A., Dam\u00e9-Teixeira, N., and Salles, L.P. (2021). Oral Phenotype and Salivary Microbiome of Individuals With Papillon\u2013Lef\u00e8vre Syndrome. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.720790"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9929835","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9929835","article-title":"Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Patients with and without HIV","volume":"2023","author":"Pereira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_186","first-page":"33","article-title":"Factors Associated with Oral Candidiasis in People Living with HIV\/AIDS: A Case Control Study","volume":"12","author":"Suryana","year":"2020","journal-title":"HIV AIDS"},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lomel\u00ed-Mart\u00ednez, S.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Hern\u00e1ndez, L.A., Ruiz-Anaya, A.d.J., Lomel\u00ed-Mart\u00ednez, M.A., Mart\u00ednez-Salazar, S.Y., Mercado Gonz\u00e1lez, A.E., Andrade-Villanueva, J.F., and Varela-Hern\u00e1ndez, J.J. (2022). Oral Manifestations Associated with HIV\/AIDS Patients. Medicina, 58.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091214"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.8409-16","article-title":"Unexpected Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis in a Well-Controlled HIV-Infected Case","volume":"56","author":"Kato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-381X2018000300219","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and Interferon-\u03b1 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in HIV-1 Patients with Chronic Periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Menezes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Odontostomatol."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13179","article-title":"Biomarkers of Oral Inflammation in Perinatally HIV-infected and Perinatally HIV-exposed, Uninfected Youth","volume":"46","author":"Moscicki","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sheng, S., Kim, H.H., Meng, H.-W., Tribble, G.D., and Chang, J. (2022). Necrotizing Periodontal Disease in a Nutritionally Deficient Patient: A Case Report. Front. Dent. Med., 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2022.994442"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwene-Batu, P., Bisimwa, G., Donnen, P., Bisimwa, J., Tshongo, C., Dramaix, M., Hermans, M.P., and Briend, A. (2022). Risk of Chronic Disease after an Episode of Marasmus, Kwashiorkor or Mixed\u2013Type Severe Acute Malnutrition in the Democratic Republic of Congo: The Lwiro Follow-Up Study. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14122465"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Pisano, M., Di Palo, M.P., Franci, G., Rupe, A., Fiorino, A., and Rengo, C. (2024). Peri-Implantitis-Associated Microbiota before and after Peri-Implantitis Treatment, the Biofilm \u201cCompetitive Balancing\u201d Effect: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12101965"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.09.001","article-title":"The Effects of Stress Hormones on Growth of Selected Periodontitis Related Bacteria","volume":"24","author":"Jentsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12175","article-title":"Association of P Orphyromonas gingivalis with High Levels of Stress-Induced Hormone Cortisol in Chronic Periodontitis Patients","volume":"7","author":"Ardila","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Clin. Dent."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casarin, M., da Silveira, T.M., Bezerra, B., Pirih, F.Q., and Pola, N.M. (2023). Association between Different Dietary Patterns and Eating Disorders and Periodontal Diseases. Front. Oral Health, 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2023.1152031"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morishima, S., Takeda, K., Greenan, S., and Maki, Y. (2022). Salivary Microbiome in Children with Down Syndrome: A Case-Control Study. BMC Oral Health, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02480-z"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contaldo, M., Lucchese, A., Romano, A., Della Vella, F., Di Stasio, D., Serpico, R., and Petruzzi, M. (2021). Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179251"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01459.x","article-title":"Subgingival Microbiota in Adult Down Syndrome Periodontitis","volume":"47","author":"Khocht","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willis, J.R., Iraola-Guzm\u00e1n, S., Saus, E., Ksiezopolska, E., Cozzuto, L., Bejarano, L.A., Andreu-Somavilla, N., Alloza-Trabado, M., Puig-Sola, A., and Blanco, A. (2021). Oral Microbiome in down Syndrome and Its Implications on Oral Health. J. Oral Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2021.1897328"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00f3voa, L., S\u00e1nchez, M.d.C., Blanco, J., Limeres, J., Cuenca, M., Mar\u00edn, M.J., Sanz, M., Herrera, D., and Diz, P. (2020). The Subgingival Microbiome in Patients with Down Syndrome and Periodontitis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082482"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2014.11.008","article-title":"Interrelationship between Diabetes and Periodontitis: Role of Hyperlipidemia","volume":"60","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Oral Biol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Spirito, F., Di Palo, M.P., Folliero, V., Cannat\u00e0, D., Franci, G., Martina, S., and Amato, M. (2023). Oral Bacteria, Virus and Fungi in Saliva and Tissue Samples from Adult Subjects with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Umbrella Review. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15235540"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.106","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis: A Tale of Two Common Interrelated Diseases","volume":"7","author":"Lalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12803","article-title":"An Update on the Evidence for Pathogenic Mechanisms That May Link Periodontitis and Diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Polak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia, L., Han, N., Du, J., Guo, L., Luo, Z., and Liu, Y. (2019). Pathogenesis of Important Virulence Factors of Porphyromonas Gingivalis via Toll-Like Receptors. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00262"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02414.x","article-title":"Microbiota of Health, Gingivitis, and Initial Periodontitis","volume":"25","author":"Tanner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702231187645","article-title":"Oral Microbiota in Human Health and Disease: A Perspective","volume":"248","author":"Santacroce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105724","article-title":"Oral Microbiota Associated with Gingiva of Healthy, Gingivitis and Periodontitis Cases","volume":"171","author":"Hussein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6021934","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6021934","article-title":"Role of Viral MiRNAs and Epigenetic Modifications in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinogenesis","volume":"2016","author":"Giudice","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fine, D.H., Patil, A.G., and Velusamy, S.K. (2019). Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) Under the Radar: Myths and Misunderstandings of Aa and Its Role in Aggressive Periodontitis. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00728"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subbarao, K., Nattuthurai, G., Sundararajan, S., Sujith, I., Joseph, J., and Syedshah, Y. (2019). Gingival Crevicular Fluid: An Overview. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.4103\/JPBS.JPBS_56_19"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Preian\u00f2, M., Savino, R., Villella, C., Pelaia, C., and Terracciano, R. (2020). Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155270"},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101871","article-title":"The Emerging Tick-Borne Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus: A Narrative Review","volume":"37","author":"Serretiello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/8\/1813\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:22:11Z","timestamp":1760034131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/8\/1813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]},"references-count":214,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13081813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13081813","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]]}}}