{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:17:08Z","timestamp":1791566228624,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 of Spain and ERDF\/EU","award":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 of Spain and ERDF\/EU","award":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"]}]},{"name":"MICIU\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 of Spain and ERDF\/EU","award":["FPI-CAR-3597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-CAR-3597"]}]},{"name":"regional government of Castilla-La Mancha","award":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"]}]},{"name":"regional government of Castilla-La Mancha","award":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"]}]},{"name":"regional government of Castilla-La Mancha","award":["FPI-CAR-3597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-CAR-3597"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["FPI-CAR-3597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-CAR-3597"]}]},{"name":"Gobierno de La Rioja of Spain","award":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2022-1395910B-I00"]}]},{"name":"Gobierno de La Rioja of Spain","award":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBPLY\/19\/180501\/000325"]}]},{"name":"Gobierno de La Rioja of Spain","award":["FPI-CAR-3597"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPI-CAR-3597"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly due to extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases (CPs), poses a critical threat to global health. This study aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology, resistance profiles, and genomic features of ESBL- and CP-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonaie (ESBL\/CP-Ec\/Kp) isolates from a Spanish hospital (2020\u20132024) and explore links to environmental reservoirs like white storks foraging at a nearby landfill. A total of 121 clinical Ec\/Kp isolates (55 ESBL-Ec, 1 CP-Ec, 35 ESBL-Kp, 17 CP-Kp, 13 ESBL+CP-Kp) underwent phenotypic testing, PCR, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Analyses included phylogenomics (cgMLST), detection of AMR genes, plasmid typing, and comparative genomics. Among ESBL-Ec, blaCTX-M-15 was the most prevalent (60.0%), and one CP-Ec carrying blaNDM-5 was identified. WGS of 44 selected ESBL\/CP-Ec isolates revealed a variety of AMR genes, and 56.8% of isolates carried class one integrons (56.8%). IncF-type plasmids predominated, and 84.1% of isolates were assigned as ExPEC\/UPEC. The lineage ST131 dominated (75%), with IncF-blaCTX-M-15-carrying plasmids. Among the 18 ESBL\/CP-Kp isolates sequenced, the lineage ST307 was the most frequent (44.4%), followed by ST15 and ST11, carrying a diversity of AMR determinants and plasmids (IncFIB(K), IncL, ColpVC). Virulence included ybt loci in ICEKp; hypervirulence genes were absent. Genomic analysis of 62 clinical isolates (44 Ec, 18 Kp) showed close phylogenetic links to stork-derived strains, with ST131-Ec and ST307-Kp from humans and birds differing just by \u226422 and \u226410 ADs, respectively, with a conserved plasmid content (i.e., IncL-blaOXA-48, IncFIB(K)-blaCTX-M-15). High-risk ESBL\/CP-Ec\/Kp clones persist across clinical and environmental contexts. WGS-based surveillance is key for understanding AMR spread and guiding interventions. Results support a One Health approach to combat AMR through cross-sector collaboration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13081854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T09:56:42Z","timestamp":1754647002000},"page":"1854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in a Spanish Hospital: Exploring the Clinical\u2013Environmental Interface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3756-710X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra A.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Asencio-Egea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Huertas-Vaquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario La Mancha Centro, 13600 Alc\u00e1zar de San Juan, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cardona-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myriam","family":"Zarazaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-079X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ursula","family":"H\u00f6fle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Biotechnology (SaBio) Research Group, Institute for Game and Wildlife Research (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-1690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One Health-UR Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logro\u00f1o, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. 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