{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:22:16Z","timestamp":1790882536084,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South African Medical Research Council","award":["SAMRC-UFH\/P790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAMRC-UFH\/P790"]}]},{"name":"Union \u00c9conomique et Mon\u00e9taire Ouest-Africaine (UEMOA)","award":["SAMRC-UFH\/P790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAMRC-UFH\/P790"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria pose a major public health threat, necessitating a One Health approach to addressing this threat. Thus, the diversity, ESBL production, and potential public health implications of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from man-made lakes and surrounding lettuce in Yamoussoukro, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire were assessed in this study. Also, the lakes\u2019 physicochemical parameters were assessed and correlated with bacteria community using Pearson correlation. A total of 68 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered from the samples and identified via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple genus-\/species-level variations within the isolates. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent in lake water (39.5%), while Acinetobacter was the dominant genus in lettuce (30%). E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (90.9%), cefepime (72.7%), cefotaxime (68.2%), and aztreonam (63.6%). Moreover, ESBL production was confirmed in E. coli isolates (22.05%), predominantly mediated by the blaCTX-M gene. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were widespread, yielding similar multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values in water (0.27\u20130.63) and lettuce (0.27\u20130.81). These data indicate high environmental contamination, which unfortunately is not being taken into account by lettuce producers according to an interview. Statistical analyses showed a significant relationship between bacterial diversity and lakes\u2019 physicochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity. The basic education level of farmers, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, and the high prevalence of MDR Gram-negative bacteria in both environmental and crop sources in Yamoussoukro underscore the need for both integrated surveillance and management strategies to mitigate potential microbial public health risks within a One Health framework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13091997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:49:34Z","timestamp":1756309774000},"page":"1997","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic Diversity, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Screening, and Potential Public Health Implications of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Man-Made Lakes and Surrounding Vegetables"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ahou Cinthia In\u00e8s","family":"Yebouet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Biotechnologies et Bioinformatique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de Transformation, Institut National Polytechnique F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Yamoussoukro 1093, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3157-7091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kouakou Romain","family":"Fossou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Biotechnologies et Bioinformatique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de Transformation, Institut National Polytechnique F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Yamoussoukro 1093, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaka Ghislaine Claude","family":"Kouadjo-Z\u00e9z\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Central de Biotechnologies, Centre National de la Recherche Agronomique, Abidjan 1740, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9770-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony Ifeanyi","family":"Okoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolphe","family":"Z\u00e9z\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Biotechnologies et Bioinformatique, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche et d\u2019Innovation en Sciences Agronomiques et Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de Transformation, Institut National Polytechnique F\u00e9lix Houphou\u00ebt-Boigny, Yamoussoukro 1093, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.10.007","article-title":"Sensing Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Phylogenetic Perspective","volume":"38","author":"Neyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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