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Although accumulating evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in parasitic infections, the effects of acute T. gondii infection on host gut microbial ecology remain poorly understood. In this study, metagenomic sequencing technology was used to systematically analyze the composition and functional alterations of the ileal microbiota in BALB\/c mice on day 10 post-infection. Compared to uninfected controls, T. gondii infected mice exhibited a significant reduction in microbial diversity and a pronounced shift in community structure. Notably, there was an expansion of Proteobacteria, particularly the Enterobacteriaceae family, alongside a marked decline in beneficial taxa such as Actinobacteria and Bacillota. Functional annotation using the KEGG and CAZy databases revealed enrichment of metabolic pathways related to glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis, O-antigen nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, bacterial secretion systems, and biofilm formation-Escherichia coli in the infected microbiota. These findings provide novel insights into the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and host-microbe interactions during acute T. gondii infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1756983337000},"page":"2056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Acute Toxoplasma gondii Infection Drives Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Functional Disruption in Mice as Revealed by Metagenomic Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9212-3508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiqin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minmin","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bofang","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Province Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7848-0152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"},{"name":"Animal Research and Resource Center, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9613-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengcai","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Yunnan Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States","volume":"38","author":"Dubey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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