{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T04:13:44Z","timestamp":1775880824061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia (MDR-GNB) is a significant health threat associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to MDR-GNB due to immunosuppression and frequent healthcare exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors, 30-day mortality, and outcomes in cancer and non-cancer patients. We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients aged 18 years or older with MDR-GNB who were hospitalized at Ochsner LSU Health\u2014Academic Medical Center between January 2018 and July 2022. We collected data about demographics, comorbidities, cancer diagnosis, causative organisms, infection source, antibiotic therapy, and clinical outcomes. A total of 112 patients with MDR-GNB were included, where 31 patients (27.7%) had cancer and 81 patients (72.3%) did not. Cancer patients were more frequently male and white (74.2% vs. 58.0%, p = 0.114 and 45.2% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.031). Diabetes mellitus was more common in non-cancer patients, but it was associated with increased mortality risk in the cancer group (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.125\u20135.074). Enterobacteriaceae species were the most frequently isolated organisms (83.0%), with no significant difference between groups. The most common source of infection was genitourinary (49.1%). ICU admission was more frequent in non-cancer patients (49.4% vs. 25.8%, p = 0.024). However, cancer patients had a higher ICU admission mortality risk (OR 2.156, 95% CI: 1.058\u20134.395) and recent hospitalization rates (67.7% vs. 40.7%, p = 0.011), both associated with increased mortality risk. Cancer patients had a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate (39.0% vs. 16.4%, p = 0.017; OR = 3.012, 95% CI: 1.190\u20137.622) and hospice admissions (22.6% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.002; OR = 7.583, 95% CI: 1.819\u201331.618). These findings emphasize the urgent need for early microbiological identification, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and improved infection control strategies. Given the rising prevalence of MDR-GNB pathogens, future research is needed for prompt appropriate antibacterial therapy based on risk stratification and enhanced antimicrobial stewardship programs as these are critical for high-risk cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:27:12Z","timestamp":1757500032000},"page":"2110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Features of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Comparative Study of Cancer and Non-Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5524-4237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Destyn","family":"Dicharry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7880-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad H.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7867-4502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre E.","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2019.00074","article-title":"Treatment of Infections Due to MDR Gram-Negative Bacteria","volume":"6","author":"Bassetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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