{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:03:29Z","timestamp":1793365409419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Emerging evidence suggests a potential role of gut dysbiosis in neurodegenerative disorders and, in particular, Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) pathology and cognitive decline. However, the role of gut microbiome in the early prodromal stages of AD and particularly in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains understudied and has been mostly explored in Asian populations with no representation of European populations. To address this research gap in the literature and to suggest novel microbiome features associated with MCI, we conducted a cross-sectional study in a European population sample and profiled gut microbiota in 99 individuals without dementia through 16s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. Individuals were categorized by cognitive status based on standard clinical criteria to cognitively normal (n = 49) or individuals with MCI (n = 50). Differential abundance through Microbiome Multivariable Associations with Linear model (MaAsLin2) and elastic net logistic regression analyses were used to identify gut microbiome features associated with MCI. MCI group was older than the CN group and age was used as covariate in the differential abundance analysis. No differences in alpha and beta diversity were found between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). At false discovery rate (FDR) &lt; 0.05, we identified specific genera associated with MCI, mostly linked to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production (e.g., Candidatus_Soleaferrea q = 0.027, MaAsLin2 coefficient = 1.65, Sellimonas q = 0.017, MaAsLin2 coefficient = \u22124.45), while we highlight nominal (p &lt; 0.05, q &gt; 0.05) correlations of genera (e.g., Hydrogenoanaerobacterium, Subdoligranulum) with metrics of cognitive assessment. Microbiota was shown to have a fairly good discriminative capacity for MCI status (area under the curve AUC = 0.77), with Rothia genus found as the top predictor for MCI (beta coefficient [95% confidence intervals] = 0.224 [0.216\u20130.233]). Overall, our findings add to current knowledge reporting gut microbiome alterations in MCI by suggesting novel associated microbiome features; however, larger scale longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying biological pathways linked to the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1757505895000},"page":"2112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Gut Microbiome Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Findings from the ALBION Greek Cohort"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2549-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Rouskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Mamalaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Ntanasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Pantoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Anezaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u2018Alexander Fleming\u2019, Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2421-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Emmanouil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u2018Alexander Fleming\u2019, Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7229-7540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nil","family":"Novau-Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group (NuMeH), Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology\u2014TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0218-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f2nica","family":"Bull\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Metabolic Health Research Group (NuMeH), Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Health Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Center of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology\u2014TecnATox, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Physiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antigone S.","family":"Dimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center \u2018Alexander Fleming\u2019, Fleming 34, 16672 Vari, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6803-507X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Papandreou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300 Siteia, Greece"},{"name":"Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (Neuro\u00c8pia), Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2171-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Yannakoulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9164-632X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anagnostis","family":"Argiriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, Myrina, 81400 Lemnos, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Scarmeas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aiginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11528 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","article-title":"Alzheimer disease","volume":"7","author":"Knopman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00498-1","article-title":"Estimating Transition Probabilities Across the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Continuum Using a Nationally Representative Real-World Database in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. 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