{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:05:01Z","timestamp":1774314301693,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health through \u201cRicerca Corrente, Linea 3\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is a facultative anaerobe, catalase-negative, Gram-positive pleomorphic rod, most commonly responsible for pharyngeal infections. Invasive A. haemolyticum infections are rare and typically involve immunocompromised patients; however, severe and invasive infections in immunocompetent patients have also been reported. Here we describe a case of sinusitis complicated by periorbital cellulitis, subdural empyema and cerebritis due to A. haemolyticum in an immunocompetent patient. The patient was initially treated with daptomycin + piperacillin\/tazobactam and subsequently with linezolid + meropenem and required multiple surgical interventions to attain source control. Although uncommon, A. haemolyticum should be considered as a causative agent of severe infections complicating pharyngitis or sinusitis that may result from local extension or haematogenous spread, even in an immunocompetent host. We also present a literature review on central nervous system involvement by A. haemolyticum infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13092208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T08:37:39Z","timestamp":1758530259000},"page":"2208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Periorbital and Central Nervous System Infection Due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum: Case Report and Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pierangelo","family":"Chinello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Capone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Al Moghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3539-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2198-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Biobank Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0754-6917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Cicalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systemic and Immune Depression-Associated Infections Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0000000000000477","article-title":"Arcanobacterium haemolyticum CNS abscess and bacteremia following head trauma: A case report and literature review","volume":"25","author":"Kohli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. 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