{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:38:07Z","timestamp":1788928687863,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Serological testing for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, particularly those targeting the nucleocapsid protein, plays a key role in assessing past infection and estimating population-level seroprevalence. The seroprevalence of nucleocapsid antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated in 1048 blood donors using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess risk factors, symptoms during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 89.69%. Seroprevalence was not significantly associated with gender or age. In multivariate logistic regression, most investigated risk factors showed no significant association with seroprevalence. However, residence area and vaccination status were independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Donors from rural areas had significantly higher odds of seropositivity (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.01\u20132.79; p = 0.045) compared to those from urban areas. Unvaccinated individuals were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to vaccinated participants (aOR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.35\u20134.99; p = 0.004). After three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors was remarkably high, indicating that the vast majority of this population group had been exposed to the virus. This study highlights the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the differences in antibody prevalence between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of vaccination in controlling the pandemic and provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing targeted strategies to curb future SARS-CoV-2 transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13102313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T13:33:41Z","timestamp":1759757621000},"page":"2313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Seroepidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Blood Donors from Western Romania, August\u2013September 2023"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1094-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor Rares","family":"Olariu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"Lighezan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Blood Transfusion Center, 300737 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9215-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin","family":"Ursoniu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Cristiana","family":"Craciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, Municipal Clinical Emergency Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Tudor","family":"Olariu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu Adrian","family":"Sprintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Adriana","family":"Oatis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Vasile Goldi\u0219 Western University of Arad, 310048 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Alina","family":"Lupu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5218-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alin Gabriel","family":"Mihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnosis and Study of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Patogen Preventia, 300124 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30260-9","article-title":"Nowcasting and Forecasting the Potential Domestic and International Spread of the 2019-nCoV Outbreak Originating in Wuhan, China: A Modelling Study","volume":"395","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, February 20). 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