{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:53:33Z","timestamp":1790085213995,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","award":["2025CYJSTX13-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CYJSTX13-08"]}]},{"name":"earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","award":["32001405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001405"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2025CYJSTX13-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CYJSTX13-08"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32001405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001405"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the effects of alfalfa silage versus alfalfa hay in a total mixed ration (TMR) on milk yield, rumen fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows. Hydrolyzed tannins (HT) were supplemented individually to assess changes. Thirty-two multiparous Holstein cows (DIM: 94 \u00b1 8 d; milk yield: 41 \u00b1 2 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design: basal diet (alfalfa hay, H, or alfalfa silage, S) and additive (control, C, or 100 g\/d HT, T). Production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites were evaluated. Compared with group H, group S had a 0.16% higher milk protein percentage and significantly higher fat-corrected milk yield, milk fat percentage, fat-to-protein ratio, total solids, and milk urea nitrogen. After feeding, the ST group had increased ruminal pH. HT supplementation significantly decreased ruminal NH3-N levels (p &lt; 0.05) and increased microbial crude protein (MCP) content (p &lt; 0.05). Group H showed no significant changes, and the effects of HT were less evident in hay-fed cows than in silage-fed cows. In summary, alfalfa silage feeding increased ruminal microbial populations, while HT supplementation mitigated the post-feeding decline in ruminal pH. Considering the relatively small sample size (n = 32), the results should be viewed as indicative rather than conclusive, and future studies with larger cohorts will be valuable to confirm and extend these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13102327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T10:35:36Z","timestamp":1760006136000},"page":"2327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Short-Term Effects of Alfalfa Silage Versus Hay, with or Without Hydrolysable Tannins, on Production Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5898-4693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuning","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6087-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanxi Provincial School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8569-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-7173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8677-6325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.06.009","article-title":"Variations in the milk lipidomic profile of lactating dairy cows fed the diets containing alfalfa hay versus alfalfa silage","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4494-z","article-title":"Fermentative profile and lactic acid bacterial dynamics in non-wilted and wilted alfalfa silage in tropical conditions","volume":"46","author":"Agarussi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, X., Feng, H., Guo, G., Huo, W., Li, Q., Xu, Q., Liu, Q., Wang, C., and Chen, L. (2022). Effects of laccase and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation quality, nutrient composition, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa silage. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1035942"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, R., Jiang, D., Zheng, M., Tian, P., Zheng, M., and Xu, C. (2020). Microbial community dynamics during alfalfa silage with or without clostridial fermentation. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74958-1"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11834","article-title":"Fatty acid profile, secondary compounds and antioxidant activities in the fresh forage, hay and silage of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)","volume":"102","author":"Blanco","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.9419","article-title":"Structural and quantitative changes of saponins in fresh alfalfa compared to alfalfa silage","volume":"99","author":"Stochmal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2018.02.009","article-title":"Impact of raking and baling patterns on alfalfa hay dry matter and quality losses","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77913-2","article-title":"Impact of alfalfa maturity and preservation method on milk production by cows in early lactation","volume":"75","author":"Nelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.Y., Yang, G.L., Jing, Y.Y., He, Z.N., Liu, B., Sun, L., Zhang, Y., and Gao, F. (2025). Alfalfa quality improvement and loss reduction technology advances. Front. Anim. Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2025.1550492"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M.C., Hatfield, R.D., and Kalscheur, K.F. (2021). Impact of long-term storage on alfalfa leaf and stem silage characteristics. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11122505"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01723-9","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics across 2,534 microbial species reveals functional heterogeneity in the rumen microbiome","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stergiadis, S., Cabeza-Luna, I., Mora-Ortiz, M., Stewart, R.D., Dewhurst, R.J., Humphries, D.J., Watson, M., Roehe, R., and Auffret, M.D. (2021). Unravelling the role of rumen microbial communities, genes, and activities on milk fatty acid profile using a combination of omics approaches. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.590441"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.640-648","article-title":"Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on in vitro digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis","volume":"14","author":"Putri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagheri, V.M., Klevenhusen, F., Zebeli, Q., and Petri, R. (2018). Scrophularia striata Extract Supports Rumen Fermentation and Improves Microbial Diversity in vitro Compared to Monensin. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02164"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9651","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9651","article-title":"Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission","volume":"8","author":"Eom","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayanegara, A., Yogianto, Y., Wina, E., Sudarman, A., Kondo, M., Obitsu, T., and Kreuzer, M. (2020). Combination Effects of Plant Extracts Rich in Tannins and Saponins as Feed Additives for Mitigating in Vitro Ruminal Methane and Ammonia Formation. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091531"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.2174\/138955708786140990","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antiviral activity of hydrolysable tannins","volume":"8","author":"Buzzini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mini Rev. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12626","article-title":"The role of currently used medicinal plants in aquaculture and their action mechanisms: A review","volume":"14","author":"Tadese","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aboagye, I.A., and Beauchemin, K.A. (2019). Potential of molecular weight and structure of tannins to reduce methane emissions from ruminants: A review. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9110856"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6069","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4508","article-title":"Effects of chestnut tannins and coconut oil on growth performance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and microbial populations in sheep","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila, A.S., Zambom, M.A., Faccenda, A., Werle, C.H., Almeida, A.R., Schneider, C.R., Grunevald, D.G., and Faciola, A.P. (2020). Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) condensed tannins as feed additives to lactating dairy cows. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040662"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7777","article-title":"Modulation of in vitro rumen biohydrogenation by Cistus ladanifer tannins compared with other tannin sources","volume":"97","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13702","article-title":"Use of tannin extract as a strategy to reduce methane in Nellore and Holstein cattle and its effect on intake, digestibility, microbial efficiency and ruminal fermentation","volume":"107","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.08.002","article-title":"Divergence between purified hydrolysable and condensed tannin effects on methane emission, rumen fermentation and microbial population in vitro","volume":"209","author":"Jayanegara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.2740280204","article-title":"Complexes of the condensed tannins of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) with fraction 1 leaf protein and with submaxillary mucoprotein, and their reversal by polyethylene glycol and pH","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5424\/sjar\/2004022-73","article-title":"Tannins and ruminant nutrition","volume":"2","author":"Frutos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Span. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03864-13","article-title":"Taxonomic identification of commensal bacteria associated with the mucosa and digesta throughout the gastrointestinal tracts of preweaned calves","volume":"80","author":"Malmuthuge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1590\/S1806-92902015000300005","article-title":"Models of protein and amino acid requirements for cattle","volume":"44","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-003-0837-3","article-title":"Comparison of Kjeldahl and Dumas methods for determining protein contents of soybean products","volume":"80","author":"Jung","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paulk, C.B., Stark, C.R., and Dunmire, K.M. (2022). Feed processing technology and quality of feed. Sustainable Swine Nutrition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119583998.ch16"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venter, K.M., Angel, R., Fourie, J., Plumstead, P.W., Li, W., Enting, H., Dersjant-Li, Y., and Jansen van Rensburg, C. (2024). Determination of calcium and phosphorus digestibility of individual feed ingredients as affected by limestone, in the presence and absence of phytase in broilers. Animals, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243603"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Ma, T., Zhao, G., Zhang, N., Tu, Y., Li, F., Cui, K., Bi, Y., Ding, H., and Diao, Q. (2019). Effect of age and weaning on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum parameters in lambs fed starter with limited ewe\u2013lamb interaction. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100825"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2017.06.004","article-title":"Effects of rumen-protected pantothenate on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity, cellulolytic bacteria and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in growing beef steers","volume":"202","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104092","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on rumination activity in Holstein-Gyr dry cows","volume":"239","author":"Maia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817903-1.00003-6","article-title":"Anticancer activity of natural coumarins for biological targets","volume":"64","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stud. Nat. Prod. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2011.02424.x","article-title":"Optimization of a high-throughput CTAB-based protocol for the extraction of qPCR-grade DNA from rumen fluid, plant and bacterial pure cultures","volume":"325","author":"Minas","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"115203","article-title":"Effects of dietary tannins on milk composition: A quantitative synthesis","volume":"285","author":"Makkar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, T., Liu, Z., Yang, Z., Jiang, A., Zhou, C., and Tan, Z. (2025). Effects of Partial Replacement of Alfalfa Hay with Alfalfa Silage in Dairy Cows: Impacts on Production Performance and Rumen Microbiota. Animals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15182748"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, Z., Meng, Z., Tan, D., Datsomor, O., Zhan, K., Lin, M., and Zhao, G. (2022). Effects of supplementation of sodium acetate on rumen fermentation and microbiota in postpartum dairy cows. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1053503"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"100235","article-title":"Insights into population adaptation and biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in challenged date palm leaves silaging, using MALDI\u2013TOF MS","volume":"6","author":"Jawaid","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caparra, P., Chies, L., Scerra, M., Foti, F., Bognanno, M., Cilione, C., De Caria, P., Claps, S., and Cifuni, G.F. (2023). Effect of dietary ensiled olive cake supplementation on performance and meat quality of Apulo-Calabrese pigs. Animals, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13122022"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.17.0210","article-title":"Substituting oat hay or maize silage for portion of alfalfa hay affects growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility of weaned calves","volume":"31","author":"Zou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weimer, P.J. (2022). Degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose by ruminal microorganisms. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122345"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu, X., Raza, S.H.A., Zhao, Y., Deng, J., Ma, J., Wang, J., Alkhorayef, N., Alkhalil, S.S., Pant, S.D., and Lei, H. (2023). Effect of tea saponins on rumen microbiota and rumen function in Qinchuan beef cattle. Microorganisms, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020374"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022442","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.2022442","article-title":"High-sugar, high-fat, and high-protein diets promote antibiotic resistance gene spreading in the mouse intestinal microbiota","volume":"14","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02416-22","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02416-22","article-title":"Effects of silage diet on meat quality through shaping gut microbiota in finishing pigs","volume":"11","author":"Niu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi, L.O., Muir, J.P., Naumann, H.D., Norris, A.B., Ram\u00edrez-Restrepo, C.A., and Mertens-Talcott, S.U. (2021). Nutritional aspects of ecologically relevant phytochemicals in ruminant production. Front. Vet. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.628445"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valcl, N., and Lavren\u010di\u010d, A. (2025). Effect of tannins and drying methods on in vitro dry matter and crude protein degradability and digestibility of soybean meal for ruminants. Sci. Rep., 15.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-14678-6"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000974","article-title":"Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production","volume":"8","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201002662","article-title":"Chemical ecology of tannins: Recent developments in tannin chemistry reveal new structures and structure\u2013activity patterns","volume":"17","author":"Salminen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10745","article-title":"Effect of quebracho-chestnut tannin extracts at 2 dietary crude protein levels on performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen partitioning in dairy cows","volume":"99","author":"Aguerre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0077","article-title":"Effects of chestnut tannins supplementation of prepartum moderate yielding dairy cows on metabolic health, antioxidant and colostrum indices","volume":"21","author":"Borozan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(03)00041-5","article-title":"The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: A review","volume":"106","author":"Min","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F., Usman, S., Huang, W., Jia, M., Kharazian, Z.A., Ran, T., Li, F., Ding, Z., and Guo, X. (2023). Correction: Effects of inoculating feruloyl esterase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 on ensiling characteristics, in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota of alfalfa silage. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00871-y"}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/10\/2327\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T04:19:30Z","timestamp":1760156370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/13\/10\/2327"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms13102327"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms13102327","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}}}