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This review examines the epidemiology, transmission pathways, and mechanisms of microorganisms of public health importance (bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses). It highlights the interconnectedness of ecosystems, where the environment plays a central role in the dissemination of pathogens, driven by climate change, globalization, agricultural intensification, and habitat degradation. AMR is a major concern, driven by the indiscriminate use of pharmaceuticals in human, veterinary, and agricultural settings, horizontal gene transfer through mobile genetic elements, and microbial evolution. The study of different pathogens is of great importance due to their high prevalence in different ecosystems, their virulence, clinical interest, and mortality rates produced. Some of them are ESKAPE bacteria, Candida auris, Plasmodium falciparum, and emerging viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, which present complex transmission dynamics influenced by ecological and health determinants. The review also addresses the effects of climate change on the persistence and geographic spread of pathogens. Successful implementation of the One Health program requires intersectoral policies, integrated surveillance systems, prudent use of antimicrobials and investment in translational science. Coordinating these strategies is essential to limit the spread of pathogens, protect biodiversity, and save global health in the face of the growing threat of infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:47:36Z","timestamp":1761266856000},"page":"2435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Presence of Microorganisms in the Environment: One Health Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Helen Haydee Fernanda","family":"Ramirez-Plascencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Acad\u00e9mico, Aparatos y Sistemas 2, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Avenida Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Gabriela","family":"Colima-Fausto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Basicas Medicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey Campus Guadalajara, Avenida General Ram\u00f3n Corona No 2514, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7039-9825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel Cesar","family":"Licona-Lasteros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara\u2014Ameca 45.5Km, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7427-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"D\u00edaz-Zaragoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara\u2014Ameca 45.5Km, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8809-7294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazarez-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Zona Centro, Dr. Baeza Alzaga 107, Guadalajara 44100, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8464-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Guadalupe","family":"Macias-Barragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara\u2014Ameca 45.5Km, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8612-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio Yair","family":"Rodriguez-Preciado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Sistemas Biol\u00f3gicos, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara\u2014Ameca 45.5Km, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, June 20). 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