{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T13:32:49Z","timestamp":1771680769580,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004488","name":"Croatian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["IP-2020-02-7875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2020-02-7875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023652","name":"University of Rijeka","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2170-137-08-24-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2170-137-08-24-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures, d-PTFE membranes are often used as a barrier to promote alveolar ridge regeneration. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to examine the microbial diversity and structure of biofilms on two types of d-PTFE membranes, Permamem\u00ae and Cytoplast\u2122, over four-week oral cavity exposure periods. Bacterial biofilm analysis was performed using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 36 samples (20 Permamem\u00ae and 16 Cytoplast\u2122). The results showed significant differences in the microbial profiles: Cytoplast\u2122 membranes showed reduced microbial diversity and an enhanced proportion of pathobionts like Selenomonas, Segatella, Fusobacterium and Parvimonas, which are associated with periodontal and peri-implant diseases and alveolar bone loss. Permamem\u00ae membranes promoted colonization by bacteria associated with healthy oral conditions, such as the genera Streptococcus, Kingella and Corynebacterium. Overall, our results showed that Cytoplast\u2122 membranes generate a specific type of biofilm, leading to reduction in health-related bacterial species and facilitating growth conditions for dysbiosis shift. Further research and patient follow-ups are essential to thoroughly evaluate the clinical implications of different d-PTFE membranes used in guided bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1761878908000},"page":"2478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microbiome Profiling of Biofilms Formed on d-PTFE Membranes Used in Guided Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0766-4112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojana Mohar","family":"Vitezi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Kre\u0161imirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1100-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Franovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Renko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Computational Biology and Translational Medicine, Division of Electronics, Ru\u0111er Bo\u0161kovi\u0107 Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Kui\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine Rijeka, Univeristy of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabrijela","family":"Begi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Bla\u0161kovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Kre\u0161mirova 40\/42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Dental Clinic Dr. Bla\u0161kovi\u0107, Lini\u0107eva 16, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0213-1170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragana","family":"Gabri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gunduli\u0107eva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0558-8125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Nikoli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-8756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara \u0160oi\u0107","family":"Vrani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0553-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Veljanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Viktora cara Emina 5, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4381-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Cvijanovi\u0107 Peloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Bra\u0107e Branchetta 20\/1, 51000 Rijeka, 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