{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T07:44:35Z","timestamp":1792827875831,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"RUSVM intramural grants","award":["41040-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41040-2025"]}]},{"name":"RUSVM intramural grants","award":["41052-2026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41052-2026"]}]},{"name":"RUSVM\u2019s Associate Dean of Research and Postgraduate Study"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniasis is endemic in 99 countries worldwide, including the USA where it has low endemicity. The disease is emerging but likely underdiagnosed due to its historical absence in the diagnostic differentials of American physicians. Additionally, the public seems to have little knowledge about this disease. Here, a comprehensive literature review was carried out on autochthonous leishmaniases in humans in the USA, including their associated Leishmania spp., capable sand fly vector, transmission route, and risk to the parasitic infection. All 89 cases were cutaneous leishmaniasis reported in Texas, Oklahoma, Arizola, and North Dakota. The collective information should serve to mitigate both autochthonous and imported leishmaniasis by expanding reservoir and vector surveillance and improving physician training in diagnosis in the USA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T02:48:28Z","timestamp":1761878908000},"page":"2485","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Autochthonous Leishmaniasis in the United States of America"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-6604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"},{"name":"One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aifang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands","volume":"114","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans. 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