{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:45:19Z","timestamp":1784162719982,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Austral (P.A.-T.) and Millennium Science Initiative Program","award":["ICN2021_044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICN2021_044"]}]},{"name":"a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Research Fellowship","award":["DHF\\R1\\211076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DHF\\R1\\211076"]}]},{"name":"a Royal Society Research Fellows Enhanced grant","award":["RF\\ERE\\210050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF\\ERE\\210050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osorno volcano (41.1\u00b0 S, 72\u00b0 W) is located in the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone. The volcano lies within a national park as part of the protected areas system. This setting provides an opportunity to compare soil microbial communities between sectors with (H) and without (NI) anthropogenic activities within a volcanic territory. To do so, we selected one of the most visited volcanoes in Chilean Patagonia to examine composition, diversity (taxonomic and phylogenetic), and co-presence and mutual exclusion interaction networks between members of volcanic soil bacterial communities. Soil DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed by high-throughput DNA sequencing, followed by taxonomic identification. The most prevalent phylum across all sites (H and NI) was Pseudomonadota, followed by Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexota. Based on taxonomic and phylogenetic indices, we found that the diversity of bacteria was significantly less in the humanized area than in the non-intervened areas. Beta diversity analysis also revealed a clear separation between humanized and non-intervened soils. Additionally, a decrease in network connectivity was observed at NI sites. Our results provide clear evidence that anthropogenic factors, such as tourism, vehicle parking, and combustion processes, are key drivers shaping bacterial community structure in volcanic soils, with potential consequences for ecosystem health and the capacity to provide ecosystem services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:55:22Z","timestamp":1762178122000},"page":"2519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Volcanic Soil from Northern Patagonian Area of Chile"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Patricia","family":"Aguila-Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Microbiolog\u00eda Molecular, Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Av. Los Pinos s\/n Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt P.O. Box 1327, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1592-9758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioinform\u00e1tica y Expresi\u00f3n G\u00e9nica, Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Santiago 8320165, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1041-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0831-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanza","family":"Aguado-Norese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioinform\u00e1tica y Expresi\u00f3n G\u00e9nica, Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Santiago 8320165, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-0885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Multi\u00f3mica Vegetal y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Institute of Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 7500565, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-5513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard M.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Biolog\u00eda Molecular, Instituto de Gesti\u00f3n e Industria, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt P.O. Box 1327, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6345-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Stegmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n en C\u00e1ncer. Fundaci\u00f3n Arturo L\u00f3pez P\u00e9rez OECI Cancer Center, Santiago 7500921, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2709-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioinform\u00e1tica y Expresi\u00f3n G\u00e9nica, Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6935-8711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Antofagasta 1200000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2586-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Macarena","family":"Mellado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Integrativo de Biolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Aplicada (CIBQA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Bernardo O\u2019Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2019.07.017","article-title":"IPBES Promotes Integration of Multiple Threats to Biodiversity","volume":"34","author":"Titeux","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. 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