{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T05:20:09Z","timestamp":1762492809340,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 32202715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 32202715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 23DAA00403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 23DAA00403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Double First-Class Discipline Promotion Project","award":["No. 2023B10564001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023B10564001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The adult pig intestinal microbiota boosts piglet intestinal and microbiome development, thereby improving growth. However, the functional bacteria, metabolites, and their region-specific intestinal roles remain to be characterized. Administration of adult colon microbiota (CM; devoid of metabolites) to piglets promoted intestinal development post-weaning, as indicated by increased intestinal mucosal weight, villus-to-crypt ratio of the ileum (p &lt; 0.05), and stimulated mucin secretion (p &lt; 0.05). This effect was potentially mediated by modulating beneficial microbiota, including ASV50_Prevotella 7, ASV52_Prevotella 1, and ASV81_Coprococcus 1. Adult colon-derived microbiota was found to preferentially colonize the piglet colon, supported by significantly higher bacterial loads in colonic contents. Piglets receiving adult colon supernatant (CS; without bacterial cells) showed improved feed efficiency (FE; p &lt; 0.05), with numerically higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) compared to the control (CON) group. Additionally, CS transplantation (CST) promoted intestinal development, potentially by modulating abundances of beneficial bacteria species, including ASV95_Turicibacter, and ASV109_Ruminococcaceae, which correlated with increased production of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory chemicals, including protocatechuic acid (PCA, p &lt; 0.01). Adult colon-derived microbiota and metabolites enhanced intestinal development in piglets. CS supplementation improved growth and immunity, mitigating post-weaning stress potentially through enriching growth-linked bacteria (e.g., Turicibacter and Ruminococcaceae) and metabolites production (e.g., prephenate and PCA). These findings highlight these functional microbiota and metabolites as promising direct-fed microbial or metabolite additives for piglet growth and intestinal health post-weaning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T13:19:29Z","timestamp":1762348769000},"page":"2533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Active Factors in the Adult Pig Colon: Microbial Transplantation Versus Supplementation with Metabolites in Weaned Piglets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jianhao","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liefa","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huichao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9599-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","article-title":"Diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota","volume":"489","author":"Lozupone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Tsai, T., Zuo, B., Wei, X., Deng, F., Li, Y., Maxwell, C.V., Yang, H., Xiao, Y., and Zhao, J. 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