{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:00:44Z","timestamp":1792598444557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":225,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SIP20250081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20250081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shrimp farming is probably the most recent animal production activity generating high-quality animal protein, jobs, and economic revenue for many developing and middle-income countries worldwide. Despite the steady growth over the last two decades, aquaculture production has recently seen a decreased growth rate, with infectious diseases being a culprit. Mexico is a major farmed shrimp producer in the world, with the industry generating about USD 1 billion each year and providing jobs for those in vulnerable social sectors. Nonetheless, various viral and bacterial diseases have affected production and hampered development. This review provides a historic account of shrimp farming in Mexico and the chronology, features, and impact of the main infectious diseases. At present, Penstylhamaparvovirus (formerly known as IHHNV) has decreased in importance as a pathogen and is the only virus that has coexisted with other major pathogens. In Mexico, main pathogens dominate shrimp farming during certain periods, then they become eclipsed by a new emergent pathogen. Exotic pathogens likely entered Mexico through the movement of live broodstock or larvae or through contaminated imported crustacean commodities for human consumption. Stronger biosecurity measures such as quarantine protocols and sensitive diagnostic tools at the borders are required to reduce the risk of other emergent pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13112631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:44:53Z","timestamp":1763631893000},"page":"2631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["History of Shrimp Farming and the Main Viral and Bacterial Diseases in Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar Marcial","family":"Escobedo-Bonilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional-CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd., Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes No. 250, Colonia San Joachin, Guasave 81101, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jareli Itzel","family":"Colula-Ocampo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Carr. Tuxpan-Tampico km 7.5, Col. Universitaria, Tuxpan 92860, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7711-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Idalia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Carr. Tuxpan-Tampico km 7.5, Col. Universitaria, Tuxpan 92860, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7780-2605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina Hilda","family":"Gracia-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico Nacional de M\u00e9xico-Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico del Valle del Yaqui, Ave. Tecnol\u00f3gico, Block 611, Valle del Yaqui, B\u00e1cum 85276, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3465-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"San Mart\u00edn del \u00c1ngel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Carr. Tuxpan-Tampico km 7.5, Col. Universitaria, Tuxpan 92860, Veracruz, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2024). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024, FAO. Blue Transformation in action."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"CONAPESCA (2021). Anuario Estad\u00edstico de Acuacultura y Pesca, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Acuacultura y Pesca, SAGARPA. [2021th ed.]. Available online: https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/conapesca\/documentos\/anuario-estadistico-de-acuacultura-y-pesca."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Jory, D. (2023). Annual Farmed Shrimp Production Survey: A Slight Decrease in Production Reduction in 2023 with Hopes for Renewed Growth in 2024, Global Seafood Alliance."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"FAO (2025). Fishstat, a Tool for Fishery Statistic Analysis Release: 4.04.11, FAO."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"USDA (2019). 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