{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:37:48Z","timestamp":1781822268013,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009730","name":"Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PROPPI-UFOP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PROPPI-UFOP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004809","name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FINEP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FINEP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CNPq"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CAPES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral infection is now the main route of Chagas disease transmission in endemic countries, with a\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) being the primary food involved in Brazil. However, the role of a\u00e7a\u00ed in parasite\u2013host interaction remains largely unexplored. This study assessed the effect of a\u00e7a\u00ed inoculum on experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. BALB\/c mice were orally infected with metacyclic trypomastigotes in RPMI or a\u00e7a\u00ed. No difference in survival was observed. Tissue parasite load showed higher gastric parasitism in the RPMI group on day 5 after infection. Proteomic analysis of the a\u00e7a\u00ed group revealed increased levels of cytoskeletal keratins and mucins, along with decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers of tissue repair, indicating modulation of gastric inflammation. Both infected groups exhibited higher levels of gastrointestinal proteins (acid chitinase, gastrocin 1, trefoil) associated with mucosal protection and parasite clearance. These findings suggest that oral infection with a\u00e7a\u00ed occurs more subtly, possibly due to decreased gastric inflammation, and highlight potential biomarkers for oral Chagas disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13122711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:26:57Z","timestamp":1764318417000},"page":"2711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of A\u00e7a\u00ed (Euterpe oleracea) in Modulating the Immune Response During Experimental Oral Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via de Souza","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, 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Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6002-857X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Martins","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunopathology, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William de Castro","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enzymology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-7686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Melo de Abreu","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Morphopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Nucleus of Biological Sciences Research, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761909000200008","article-title":"Nova tripanozomiaze humana: Estudos sobre a morfologia e o ciclo evolutivo do Schizotrypanum cruzi n. gen., n. sp., agente etiol\u00f3gico de nova entidade m\u00f3rbida do 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