{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:30:48Z","timestamp":1790616648308,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional-Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado","award":["SIP20250920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SIP20250920"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders remain a major public health concern due to their progressive nature, high prevalence, and considerable socioeconomic burden. Conventional treatments often fall short, facing limitations such as pharmacoresistance, adverse effects, and limited efficacy, underscoring the need for complementary approaches. Recent advances highlight the central role of the gut\u2013brain axis (GBA) in neurological health, positioning psychobiotics and probiotic strains with potential mental health benefits, as candidates in adjunctive therapy. This review integrates current evidence on the GBA\u2019s involvement in conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, depression, and anxiety. We examine how psychobiotics may modulate neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter signaling, thereby contributing to cognitive and emotional regulation. Both preclinical and clinical studies are discussed, with emphasis on biomarker changes, quality-of-life outcomes, and neuropsychiatric comorbidities. We also explore recent innovations, including precision psychobiotics, microbiota\u2013drug synergies, and their relevance to overlapping metabolic and neurodegenerative pathologies. Finally, we address the major translational challenges in the field, strain selection, methodological standardization, biomarker integration, and ethical design, highlighting key perspectives for advancing psychobiotics research toward clinical application.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13122718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1764328791000},"page":"2718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Psychobiotics at the Frontiers of Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6543-7517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo Roberto","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Parey\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4765-5568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Melesio","family":"Crist\u00f3bal-Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9103-0154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliana","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2691-9405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Garfias-Noguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8041-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morayma","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Dami\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-4517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Torres-Maravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina y Nutrici\u00f3n Mexicali, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Elena","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014Campus Zacatenco, Unidad Profesional Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Colonia Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Alcald\u00eda Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toader, C., Dobrin, N., Brehar, F.M., Popa, C., Covache-Busuioc, R.A., Glavan, L.A., Costin, H.P., Bratu, B.G., Corlatescu, A.D., and Popa, A.A. (2023). From Recognition to Remedy: The Significance of Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216119"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2025.111363","article-title":"Biological age prediction in schizophrenia using brain MRI, gut microbiome and blood data","volume":"226","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitra, S. (2024). 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